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277. File 1247/1912 Pts 1-2 'KOWEIT & MOHAMMERAH ANGLO-TURKISH AGREEMENT'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises two parts discussing the Anglo-Turkish Agreement of 1913 and especially the negotiations with the Shaikh of Koweit [Kuwait] and Shaikh of Mahommera [Khorramshahr] with respect to their boundaries with Turkey.The volume comprises parts 1 and 2 of 2. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 210; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-85 and between ff 86-208; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
278. File 2182/1913 Pt 8 'Arabia – Policy towards Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: Part 8 primarily concerns relations between Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and King Hussein of Hedjaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, King of Hejaz]. Included are the following:discussion as to which ruler has the stronger claim to Khurma, and whether Bin Saud should be encouraged to begin hostilities against Bin Rashid [Saʿūd bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Rashīd, Emir of Ha'il], as a way of diverting the former's attention from other matters;copies of a treaty between the British government and Bin Saud, which was signed on 26 December 1915 and ratified on 18 July 1916;debate about whether the British should supply Bin Saud with more arms and ammunition (to make amends for providing him with 1000 cheap Winchester rifles);discussion of the possible benefits of arranging a meeting either between King Hussein and Bin Saud or between the former's son and the latter's brother;discussion about the possibility of an officer from the Egyptian service succeeding Harry St John Bridger Philby as the British representative to Bin Saud;reports of Bin Saud having begun operations against Bin Rashid, and discussion as to how the British should respond;speculation on King Hussein's actions in Khurma and the implications for Britain's policy in the region;a copy of a memorandum from the Foreign Office's Political Intelligence Department, entitled 'Memorandum on British Commitments to Bin Saud';reports of an Ikhwan force advancing towards Mecca, and discussion as to how the British should respond.This item features the following principal correspondents:High Commissioner, Egypt (General Sir Francis Reginald Wingate);Secretary to the India Office's Political Department (John Evelyn Shuckburgh);Captain Arnold Talbot Wilson [based in Baghdad and acting both as Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, and as Civil Commissioner, following Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox's transfer to Persia];War Office;Foreign Office;Viceroy of India [Frederic John Napier Thesiger];Secretary of State for India [Edwin Samuel Montagu];General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Mesopotamia [William Raine Marshall];Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Baghdad;Political Agent, Koweit [Kuwait] (Percy Gordon Loch);Harry St John Bridger Philby;Bin Saud.Physical description: 1 item (300 folios)
279. File 2182/1913 Pt 4-5 'PERSIA GULF AND ARABIA NEJD AFFAIRS 1914-16'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains parts 4 and 5 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It documents the efforts of British officials to persuade both Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and the Grand Sherif [Sharif] of Mecca [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī] to side with the British against the Ottomans in the First World War. It includes correspondence, not only between Government of India, India Office, and Foreign Office correspondents, but also between British officials and Arab rulers, including Bin Saud and the Grand Sherif. Also included in the volume is a copy of a draft of a preliminary treaty between the British government and Bin Saud, plus a copy of a completed treaty and a copy of the ratified treaty.Both parts include a divider that gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 368; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-366; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
280. File 2182/1913 Pt 9-10 'PERSIAN GULF AND ARABIA NEJD-HEJAZ AFFAIRS 1919'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains parts 9 and 10 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It relates to the dispute between Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and King Hussein of Hedjaz [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, King of Hejaz], and Britain's policy towards both. It includes correspondence, not only between Government of India, India Office, Foreign Office, and War Office correspondents, but also between Bin Saud, King Hussein, and various British officials. In addition to correspondence, the volume contains a number of reports on the dispute, as well as minutes of inter-departmental meetings that were held at the Foreign Office during 1919.Also included in the volume are copies of the 1915 treaty between the British government and Bin Saud, and copies of earlier correspondence between King Hussein and the then High Commissioner, Egypt, Sir Arthur Henry McMahon, dating from July 1915 to January 1916.Both parts include a divider that gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for reference) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 536; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-535; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but are crossed through.
281. File 2182/1913 Pt 2 'Persian Gulf Situation in El Katr Policy towards Bin Saud'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains part 2 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It primarily concerns British policy towards Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] following the latter's occupation of Ottoman-ruled El Hassa [Al Hasa]. Included in the volume are the following:an account of a meeting between the Bahrain Political Agent (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor), the Koweit [Kuwait] Political Agent (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear), and Bin Saud, which took place at Ojair [Al ‘Uqayr] in December 1913;discussion as to how the British will form a working understanding with Bin Saud whilst also pursuing a policy of supporting and maintaining the Turkish Empire;a recommendation from the officiating Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, John Gordon Lorimer, that a British Native Agent be posted to Katif [Al Qaţīf] to mediate between the Political Agent in Bahrain and Bin Saud's local governors;discussion (between the Government of India, His Majesty's Ambassador to Constantinople, and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs) as to whether or not Britain should act as a mediator between the Ottoman government and Bin Saud, in order to ensure that any arrangement made between the two parties is not hostile to British interests;a proposal from the British India Steam Navigation Company to run a local line of steamers between Bahrein [Bahrain], Katif, Ojair, and Katr [Qatar];debate over whether a British decoration should be bestowed upon Sheikh Mubarak bin Sabah [Shaikh Mubarak bin Ṣabāḥ Āl Ṣabāḥ] of Koweit prior to the Anglo-Turkish agreements being ratified, following reports that the Sheikh may be about to receive a Turkish decoration;Shakespear's account of further meetings with Bin Saud;reports of a settlement between the Turkish government and Bin Saud, and of Bin Saud's appointment as Vali of Nejd;a translated copy of the treaty between Bin Saud and the Turkish Government, dated 15 May 1914.Correspondents include the following:Secretary to the Government of India's Foreign Department;Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, followed by John Gordon Lorimer, Captain Richard Lockington Birdwood, and Major Stuart George Knox as successive officiating residents);Political Agent, Bahrain (Major Arthur Prescott Trevor);Political Agent, Kuwait (Captain William Henry Irvine Shakespear, succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel William George Grey);Viceroy of India (Charles Hardinge);Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey);Foreign Office;His Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople (Sir Louis du Pan Mallet);Permanent Under-Secretary of State for India (Thomas William Holderness);Bin Saud;Hakki Pasha [Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, in charge of negotiations with His Majesty's Government, concerning Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf].The part includes a divider that gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 271; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-270; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
282. File 2902/1916 ‘Treaties and Engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists mainly of six bound compilations of treaties and undertakings, together with related correspondence and other supplementary material, made between the British Government and the British Protectorates of the Persian Gulf, 1820-1919. These treaty compilations were published by the Government of India in 1919 and comprise: the Trucial Treaties to January 1906, Treaties with Rulers of Kuwait from 1841 to 1913, Treaties with the Sultan of Oman and Muscat from 1845 to 1914, Undertakings with the Trucial Chiefs of Oman from 1911 to 1912, Treaties with the Shaikh of Mohammerah from 1899 to 1919 and Treaties with the Rulers of Bahrain from 1820 to 1914. In addition, there is a separate Foreign Office ‘Memorandum on British Commitments (During the War) to the Gulf Chiefs’ made in 1916, which contains at Appendix A, the English text of the treaty made with the Ruler of Qatar in 1916. The treaty compilations are published in English and Arabic, except for the treaties with the Shaikh of Mohammerah, which are published in English and Persian.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 216; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
283. File 3939/1926 Pt 5-6 'AITCHISON'S TREATIES REVISION PERSIA SEISTAN ETC.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to the Government of India's decision to issue a revised edition of Aitchison's Treaties (full title: A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries).The first part, IOR/L/PS/10/1194/1 (ff 4-292), relates to the section of the revised edition concerning Persia [Iran], Seistan [Sistan], Kerman and Persian Baluchistan, whilst the second part, IOR/L/PS/10/1194/2 (ff 293-701), concerns two sections, which are titled as follows: Treaties and Engagements Relating to the Arab Principalities in the Persian Gulfand Treaties and Engagements Relating to Oman (Muscat).Both parts contain copies of proofs of the respective revised narratives, together with copies of related treaties and agreements, of which a significant amount is written in French. Also included in both cases is related interdepartmental correspondence discussing the contents of the revised narratives and the inclusion of the various associated treaties and agreements. The main correspondents are as follows: the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India; officials of the India Office, Foreign Office, Colonial Office, and the Government of India’s Foreign and Political Department.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 704; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
284. File 4535/1928 Pt 10, 17 ‘PERSIAN GULF. REMOVAL OF RESIDENCY FROM BUSHIRE’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume (which consists of two parts, Part 10 and Part 17) contains papers concerning issues in relation to the removal of the British Political Residency from Bushire in Persia [Iran].Part 10 [IOR/L/PS/10/1274/1] consists of papers relating to the question of whether the Political Residency at Bushire should be removed from Persian territory, and whether the functions of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf should be separated from those of the Consul-General at Bushire.Part 17 [IOR/L/PS/10/1274/2] contains papers relating to transfer of the Political Residency from Persian territory to the Arab littoral of the Gulf.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 518; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence between ff 293-518, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
285. File 4535/1928 Pt 2 ‘Persian Gulf Negotiations 1928. Status of Tamb. (and Abu Musa)’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains papers relating to the ownership and sovereignty of the islands of Tamb and Abu Musa (and Little Tamb and Sirri) in the Persian Gulf, and negotiations for a general treaty between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran]. The papers mainly consist of correspondence and India Office Political and Secret Department minute papers.Most of the volume concerns the seizure of a dhow [sailing vessel] from Debai [Dubai] (according to the reports of British officials) near the island of Tamb (also spelled Tunb and Tanb in the volume) by Persian customs officials. The British Government considered the island of Tamb to be owned by the Shaikh of Ras al Khaimah, and the papers discuss the expectation of the Trucial Shaikhs that Britain should take action against Persia, in accordance with Britain’s Treaty obligations to the Trucial Shaikhs. Thus, the papers also concern: the British Government’s claim for compensation from the Persian Government for the Trucial Shaikhs and the passengers of the dhow; the response of the Persian Government that Tamb was Persian territory and that therefore this incident took place in Persian territorial waters, and that the dhow was carrying smuggled goods; and the proposal that the British Government should immediately pay 5,000 rupees from Indian revenues as compensation to those affected by the Tamb incident, in anticipation of any settlement of the claim against Persia.The Tamb incident raised the general question of the claim of the Trucial Shaikhs to the islands of Tamb and Abu Musa (the latter of which was considered by the British Government to be owned by the Shaikh of Sharjah) as well as Little Tamb and Sirri. Thus the volume also includes: papers relating to an article drafted by the British Government for inclusion in a forthcoming general treaty with Persia, under which Persia would withdraw its claim to Tamb, Little Tamb, and Abu Musa, in return for the Trucial Jowasimi [Qawasim] Shaikhs relinquishing their claim to Sirri; and negotiations between the British Government and the Persian Government about this and other issues, as part of the general treaty negotiations with Persia.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf; the Admiralty; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Foreign Office; the Commander in Chief, East Indies; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Colonial Office; HM Chargé d’Affaires, Tehran, and HM Minister, Tehran.The volume also includes a copy of the India Office memorandum ‘Status of the Islands of Tamb, Little Tamb, Abu Musa, and Sirri.’, by John Gilbert Laithwaite, dated 24 August 1928.In addition, the volume includes the following items in French: correspondence between Sir Robert Clive, HM Minister at Tehran, and Abdolhossein Teymourtache [Teymūrtāsh], the Persian Minister of Court, dated January to March 1930; correspondence between Clive and Mirza Mohamed Ali Khan Feroughi, the Persian Minister of Foreign Affairs, dated 9 August and 21 October 1930, and an Aide-mémoire by the British Legation at Tehran, dated 21 October 1930.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 532; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence between ff 193-532, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
286. File 2182/1913 Pt 3 'Persian Gulf Katr Treaty'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains part 3 of the subject 'Persia Gulf'. It concerns a treaty between Britain and El Katr (also spelled Katar in the file) [Qatar].In a copy of a telegram to the Secretary of State for India, dated 13 August 1913, the Viceroy of India acknowledges the former's wish to negotiate a treaty as soon as Britain's convention with the Turkish government comes into force [the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, which was never ratified]. However, the Viceroy suggests that, following the recent death of Shaikh Jasim [Shaikh Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī, Ruler of Qatar], any action should be deferred until his successor, Shaikh Abdullah [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī], has established himself as ruler.The volume contains the following:a draft agreement between the British Government and Shaikh Abdullah;British officials' views on the perceived attitude adopted by Bin Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] towards the British authorities and British interests, following his recent settlement with the Turkish government;discussion on the importance of concluding negotiations with Bin Saud prior to completing a treaty with El Katr;the ejection of the Turkish garrison from El Katr;discussion as to whether to retain an arms traffic clause in the draft agreement, following the near collapse of arms traffic during the first year of the First World War;an account of treaty negotiations between the Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel William George Grey, accompanied by the Bahrain Political Agent Major Terence Humphrey Keyes) and Shaikh Abdullah;a copy of the final treaty, signed on 3 November 1916 and ratified on 23 March 1918.The volume features the following principal correspondents:Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Zachariah Cox, and Major Stuart George Knox, officiating Resident in Cox's absence);Viceroy of India [Charles Hardinge; Frederic John Napier Thesiger];Secretary of State for India (Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe; Joseph Austen Chamberlain; Edwin Samuel Montagu);Foreign Office;Secretary to the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department [Alfred Hamilton Grant];Political Agent, Kuwait (Lieutenant-Colonel William George Grey).The part includes a divider that gives the subject and part number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in the part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 121; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the one leading flyleaf.
287. File 2325/1922 ‘Iraq: administration. ANGLO-IRAQ TREATY NEGOTIATION 1930-’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains correspondence, memoranda, drafts, reports, telegrams and minutes regarding different aspects of negotiation and the creation of the Anglo-Iraqi treaty.The papers notably cover:Negotiations, alterations, and presentations of the Treaty itself between Iraq and British Government officialsThe duration of the TreatyThe liability for the cost of alternative accommodation for the Royal Air Force, and the leasing of sites for an air base in BasraThe financial agreement between the British Government and the Iraqi GovernmentInstructions to the High Commissioner for Iraq, detailing the principles of his role and his relations with the Government of IraqBritish Civil Service regulations in IraqIraqi railway management and administration.The volume contains documents such as:A pamphlet on Iraq’s Nationality Law, dated October 1924 (ff 610-611)‘Treaty between the United Kingdom and Irak regarding the duration of the Treaty between the United Kingdom and Irak of October 10, 1922’. Treaty Series No. 10 (1926) (ff 599-600)Memorandum on policy in Iraq by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, dated November 1929 (ff 560-561)Draft records of proceedings of meetings between the British and Iraqi delegations, dated April-June 1930 (ff 430-440, ff 406-409, ff 379-386, ff 370-378, ff 361-369, ff 331-339, ff 293-298, ff 264-279, ff 170-184 and ff 154-169)Draft copy of the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930) (ff 124-135)Complete record of proceedings of meetings between the British and Iraqi delegations, dated April-June 1930 and concerning the proposed new Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (ff 27-56) Copy of an article from the Baghdad Arabic newspaper Al Bilad, dated Monday 21 July 1930, written by Mahmoud Ramiz Beg [Maḥmūd Rāmiz Beg], and entitled ‘The People’s Opinion Concerning The Treaty’ (ff 10-13).The principal correspondents are as follows: Henry Dobbs, Foreign Secretary of the Government of India; Bernard Henry Bourdillon, Acting High Commissioner in Iraq; the Air Ministry.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 731; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
288. File 3463/1913 ‘Aden Frontier Proposed ratification of the 1905 boundary settlement’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains India Office correspondence with the Foreign Office, mainly about the latter’s proposal to seek ratification of the Aden boundary settlement of 1905, as part of British counter-concessions to be tabled at the Anglo-Turkish Commercial Convention negotiations in London, 1913-1914. Included in this correspondence are observations made by the Viceroy of India, representing the views of the Government of India on the Aden frontier question; and discussions with the War Office, London, and the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton, about the reproduction of the Aden boundary protocols and maps in connection with the ratification process. The volume includes two, mainly French versions of the Aden Boundary Protocols of 1903, 1904 and 1905, jointly signed by Colonel R A Wahab and Colonel Moustapha Remzi Bey, the respective British and Ottoman boundary commissioners, together with two War Office maps dated 1906 and 1914, showing the Aden Protectorate boundary line and on the earlier map, tribal names and boundaries. There are also printed copies in French of a draft version (signed and dated 13 February 1914) and final version (signed and dated 9 March 1914) of the Anglo-Ottoman convention on the Aden frontier, in which both governments agreed to exchange instruments of ratification in London within three months.The volume also contains less extensive correspondence about the commercial proposal (in French) dated 31 July 1913, drafted by Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, the chief Ottoman negotiator in London. This correspondence includes detailed observations made by the British Chargé d’Affaires at Constantinople [Istanbul] and the Board of Trade in London, about the further trade concessions in Persian Gulf countries sought by the Imperial Ottoman Government.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 132; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.