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25. 'Handbook of Asir'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, marked 'For Official Use Only', is a first edition Handbook of Asir, prepared by Captain K Cornwallis of the Arab Bureau, Cairo, and printed by the Government Press, Cairo, 1 June 1916.The volume opens with a prefatory note on compilation and sources and is then divided into seventeen chapters (I-XVII), as follows:I - AreaII - ReliefIII - Physical Character and ClimateIV - PopulationV - Domestic Apparatus and ManufacturesVI - AgricultureVII - Live-stockVIII - TradeIX - CurrencyX - Weights and MeasuresXI - TaxesXII - Recent History and Present PoliticsXIII - Military Organization and ResourcesXIV - Tribal NotesXV - PersonalitiesXVI - Roads and CommunicationsXVII - Route ReportsThe majority of the volume focuses on tribes, personalities, and route reports.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 95; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
26. 'Kurdistan and the Kurds'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a publication concerning Kurdistan and the Kurds. Produced and published by the General Staff, India, and printed in Mount Carmel, Palestine. It provides an edited collection of information based on the reports of military and political officers Captain C F Woolley, and Major Edward Noel (dated c 1919), and a paper written by Sir Mark Sykes in 1908.It is divided into the following sections:Kurdistan and the Kurds - including boundaries, topography, and its inhabitants;the Kurdish tribes - including their locality, rough numbers, character, prominent families, and allegiances;Kurdish tribes outside Kurdistan - between Erzingan [Erzincan] and Sivas and in the neighbourhood of Marash [Kahramanmaraş], in Anatolia, and in Syria;the Kurdish Movement for independence - history, origins, and causes;additions and corrections.Also includes one map on folio 61: 'KURDISTAN AND THE KURDISH TRIBES'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio, with 61, which is a folded map attached to the outside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
27. 'Memorandum respecting the Aden Frontier Delimitation'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file consists of a memorandum giving an account of the Aden frontier delimitation, and treaty relations with the Aden tribes from 1873. Compiled by the Foreign Office, 11 December 1905.It discusses the following: tribes with whom Her Majesty's Government has direct relations; boundary disputes and Turkish encroachments; protectorate treaties and agreements; the British Demarcation Commission survey; and the military and naval support.The French content of the file is limited to a memorandum extract by Nicholas O'Conor, HM Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, 11 August 1904.A despatch concerning maps of the frontier delimitation from Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary to His Majesty's Ambassador, dated 8 March 1906, is included as a supplement.Also included is one map: IOR/W/LPS/18/B156 (i), Map showing tribes and new boundary of the Aden Protectorate.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 170, and terminates at f 176, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 175-181; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are circled.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
28. 'Memorandum on the Russo-Perso-Afghan Frontier.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a memorandum written by Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, in which the author discusses a proposed delimitation of the Russo-Perso-Afghan frontier by the Russian Government. The author points out that, aside from the difficulties of delimiting such featureless terrain, any artificial boundary so marked out would be ignored by the numerous nomadic tribes of the area. The author proposes instead that a frontier be established merely in general terms.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences and terminates at folio 169, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, is circled, and is located at the top right corner of the folio.An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; this number is also written in pencil, but is not circled.
29. 'Précis of correspondence regarding Trucial Chiefs, 1854-1905'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume is a précis on the rulers and tribes of the Trucial Coast (now the United Arab Emirates). It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha and printed in Calcutta [Kolkata] at the Government of India Central Printing Office, 1906.The volume begins (folio 4) with a short preface, written by Saldanha on 29 January 1906. It is then organised into fourteen chapters and an appendix, as follows: Chapter I, Dynastic changes among the Trucial chiefs; Chapter II, Payment of fines direct to the sufferers; Chapter III, Report about Arab tribes, 1854; Chapter IV, Report about Arab tribes, 1855; Chapter V, Inter-tribal wars, 1854-1873; Chapter VI, Piracies in 1854-1855; Chapter VII, Piracies and other maritime irregularities, 1859-1861; Chapter VIII, Specimens of complaints from the Arab littoral, 1866; Chapter IX, The Shihiyin tribe: operations against them: their position, 1855-1859; Chapter X, Telegraph and tribes at Mussendom [Musandam]: jurisdiction and sovereignty over the peninsula, 1864; Chapter XI, Question of jurisdiction over the coast from Dibba to Khar Kalba and the territory about Ras Mussendom; Chapter XII, Internal affairs; Chapter XIII, British relations with the Trucial chiefs, 1873-1905; Chapter XIV, Persian relations with the Arab chiefs on the Pirate Coast: distinctive Trucial flag, 1899-1905; Appendix, Genealogical tables of the Trucial chiefs.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
30. 'Précis of correspondence regarding the affairs of the Persian Gulf, 1801-1853'
- Description:
- Abstract: A précis of correspondence regarding the affairs of the Persian Gulf, 1801-1853 prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha and published by Government of India Central Printing Office, Calcutta in 1906.The précis is divided up into eight sections, as follows:Part I: British Envoys to Persia and from Persia, 1801-1814.Part II: British policy in regard to Maskat [Muscat] and the Maritime Arab tribes on the Persian Gulf, 1801-1815.Part III: Affairs on the Persian Coast and Islands, 1801-1820.Part IV: British Residents and Agents in the Persian Gulf and at Maskat, 1801-1813.Part V: British policy in regard to Maskat and the Maritime Arab Tribes. Vigorous measures taken for the suppression of piracies and for security of peace in the Gulf. Persian Coast and Islands Affairs, 1818-1823.Part VI: British policy in regard to Maskat and the Maritime Arab tribes, 1823-1853.Part VII: Affairs on the Persian Coast and Islands, 1823-1853.Part VIII: British Residents and Agents in the Persian Gulf and Maskat, 1823-1853.Physical description: Foliation: the sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. 'File 1/A/38 I Negotiations with Bin Saud re:- Eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar & Trucial Oman.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the Eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar and Trucial Oman (also referred to as the Trucial Coast), and negotiations over the boundary between British officials and Ibn Saud (referred to also as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, King of Saudi Arabia].The volume contains reports and correspondence, principally from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; HM Minister, Jedda [Jeddah] (Sir Andrew Ryan); other Foreign Office officials; the Political Agent, Bahrain; Bertram Sydney Thomas; and officials of the India Office.The papers include: extracts prepared by the Political Resident, for the India Office, from a report by Bertram Thomas on the Trans-Oman air route reconnaissance of May-June 1927 (folios 8-21); papers on Anglo-Saudi relations and records of negotiations between HM Minister, Jeddah and the Deputy Saudi Arabian Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fuad Bey Hamza [Fu’ād Ḥamzah]), July-October 1934 (folios 37-60); further papers concerning Anglo-Saudi negotiations; papers prepared by the Political Resident (Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle) concerning Ibn Saud and the Yemen campaign, November 1934 (folios 74-77); a letter from the Political Agent, Muscat (Major Claude Edward Urquhart Bremner), dated 23 October 1934, concerning the boundaries of Muscat Sultanate (folios 78-80); a Foreign Office note dated 19 December 1934 entitled 'South-Eastern Arabian frontier and United States Oil Concessions' (folios 122-124); papers relating to the Blue Line [a line drawn by British and Turkish officials in 1913 from the Gulf of Uqair to parallel 20 degrees North, in the Rub al-Khali]; and papers concerning tribal affairs (e.g. report by the Political Agent, Bahrain (Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Gordon Loch) entitled 'Tribal situation in the Hinterland of the Trucial Coast', folios 140-146).The date range gives the covering dates of the correspondence; the earliest document is an enclosure on folios 8-21 containing extracts from Bertram Thomas's report on the Trans-Oman air route reconnaissance of May-June 1927, and the last dated addition to the file is an entry in the notes dated 25 February 1935.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-216; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in same position as the main sequence.
32. 'File 1/A/38 II Negotiations with Bin Saud re: Eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar & Trucial Oman.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the definition of the eastern boundary of Saudi Arabia with Qatar and Trucial Oman, and negotiations over the boundary between British officials and Ibn Saud (also referred to as Bin Saud) [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, King of Saudi Arabia].The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Bahrain; HM Minister, Jedda [Jeddah] (Sir Andrew Ryan), later the Chargé d'Affaires, Jeddah (Andrew Spencer Calvert); and senior officials of the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Government of India, and the Colonial Office.The papers cover: Anglo-Saudi negotiations over basing the frontier on the Blue Line [a line drawn by British and Turkish officials in 1913 from the Gulf of Uqair to parallel 20 degrees North, in the Rub al-Khali], and its extension on the side of Aden, the Violet Line; British proposals to base the frontier on a new line, the Green Line; further papers concerning the eastern, south, and south-eastern boundaries of Saudi Arabia; the effect of the proposed boundaries on the sheikhdom of Abu Dhabi; Foreign Office records of discussions between HM Minister, Jedda (Ryan) and the Deputy Saudi Arabian Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fuad Bey Hamza [Fu’ād Ḥamzah]), June-July 1935 (folios 85-102); papers concerning territorial claims of Ibn Saud in eastern and south-eastern Arabia, July 1935 (folios 103-108); investigations into tribal matters (e.g. folio 117); geological surveys and the likely presence of oil in the area (passim); the Qatar boundary (especially folios 136-173); the Qatar oil concession, September 1935 (folios 174-178); and papers concerning an air reconnaissance by British officials, with the assistance of the Royal Air Force (RAF), in order to determine certain key points on the proposed border in the area south of Qatar, October 1935 (folios 196-223).The Arabic language content of the papers consists of fewer than ten folios, mainly copies of correspondence between Ibn Saud and the Ruler of Qatar [Shaikh ‘Abdullāh bin Jāsim Āl Thānī].The date range gives the covering dates for the main items of correspondence; the earliest dated document is an enclosure to the first item of correspondence, dated 22 February 1935, and the last dated addition to the file is an entry in the notes on folio 229 dated 22 October [1935].Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 234; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 6-229; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in same position as the main sequence.
33. 'File 61/7 (D 65) Bin Saud's relations with the Sheikh of Kuwait'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters (in English and Arabic), telegrams, and memoranda, the majority of which concern Najd-Kuwait relations. The correspondence is mostly between Ibn Sa'ud, Sheikh Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah of Kuwait, the High Commissioner of Iraq, the Political Residency in Bushire, the Political Agencies in Bahrain and Kuwait, the Colonial Office, Foreign Office, and India Office, all in London, and the Government of India in Bengal.Two main subjects are discussed in the correspondence. The first is the dispute over customs duties between Ibn Sa'ud and the ruler of Kuwait, including the nature of the problem and British attempts to solve it. The second is the Nationality Certificates issued to Najdi subjects in Kuwait, by Ibn Sa'ud. The latter half of the file also contains correspondence and several lengthy memorandums regarding the tribes of the region, especially those of the Ikhwan, and recent movements and hostilities along the Kuwait, Iraq, and Transjordan borders with Najd.Physical description: Foliation: The sequence starts from the title page and ends on the inside back cover. The numbers are written in pencil and can be found in the top right of the recto side of each folio. There are the following irregularities: 1A, 1B, and 1C; 71a1 and 71a2; 85A1, 85A2, and 85B; 89A1 and 89a2; 90A1 and 90a2. Eight individual folios have been given a number range, rather than a single number, written respectively as: 36-37; 48-49; 54-56; 61-63; 101-102; 132-135; 169-170; 180-181.
34. 'File 2/10 1 II. AVIATION. ROYAL AIR FORCE. (1) Reconnaissance of Basrah, Aden, Muscat, Masirah, Murbat, Sauqrah Bay Etc. AIR ROUTE.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence related to the Air Staff Intelligence, Air Headquarters, Baghdad’s request for information to be obtained from Muscat regarding the possible establishment of a subsidiary air route from Iraq to India via the Arabian side of the Gulf. The required information was concerning the straight line Mirfah-Biraimi-Khaburah. Arrangements were made for some Royal Air Force (RAF) representatives to visit the region accompanied by a doctor, and Bertram Sidney Thomas, Financial Advisor to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman.The correspondence contains information on the estimates of the cost of the journey including hire of camels; cost of feeding men and camels; presents to be given to the Shaikhs; wages and foodstuffs, coffee etc.Letters were sent to various Shaikhs and Walis in Sohar, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Baraimi [Buraimi] and other regions, asking them to assist the Royal Air Officers while conducting their work. The correspondence contains letters of certain Shaikhs such as Shaikh Salim bin Diyin [Dayyin] Al-Ka‘bi and Shaikh ‘Isa bin Salih Al-Ḥārithī [Al Harthi] negotiating the terms for them to accept the RAF work to take place. It also contains reports about the troubles made by some of the Bedouin tribes.Bertram Sidney Thomas reported on his observation on the proposed seaplane flight along the south Arabian coast. He also sent a report (ff 82- 130) to the Sultan and the Political Resident on the proceedings of the RAF Trans-Oman Expedition which he conducted from Sohar to Sharjah between 12 May and 3 June 1927. The report is in two parts covering the following: preliminary situation; itinerary of expedition; description of country passed through; tribal situation and Ibn Saud; personalities; tribal considerations and the air route.The volume also includes correspondence with the Sultan of Socotra regarding the construction of landing ground in his territory near Qishn. It also includes correspondence about the Air Ministry’s interest in extending the reconnaissance to establish landing grounds along the southern coast of Arabia.Among other correspondents in the volume are: the Political Agent, Muscat; Muscat and Oman, Council of Ministers; and C Hilton Keith, Squadron Leader RAF, Sohar.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 229; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
35. 'File 8/20: MUSCAT STATE AFFAIRS: RISE OF OMANIS'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to British policy in Muscat and Oman. It contains extensive correspondence and memoranda from the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, mainly addressed to the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, which discusses the rivalry between the Sultanate of Muscat and the Imamate of Oman, the history of British relations with the ruling sultans, and negotiations between the Sultan [Taymūr bin Fayṣal bin Turkī Āl Bū Sa‘īd] and the Omani tribes.Related matters of discussion include the following: comparisons between the Sultan's rule and that of the Imam's; the question of whether British support for the current Sultan's Government should be continued, given the state of its finances and the Sultan's standing with the Omani tribes; possible reforms to the Sultan's Government, as proposed by the Political Agent; the Political Agent's meeting with Omani representative Shaikh Isa bin Salih [Shaikh ‘Īsá bin Ṣāliḥ al-Ḥārthī]; negotiations between the Sultan and the Omanis (in which the Political Agent acts as mediator), and the terms for a final settlement between the two parties; plans for the Sultan to impose a penal zakat on certain Omani tribes; the murder of the Imam on 21 July 1920.Correspondents besides the Political Agent include the following: the Deputy Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; officials of the Government of India's Foreign and Political Department.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 318; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.Condition: folios 274-276 are damaged and have parts of their edges missing, resulting in the loss of text.
36. 'File 8/21 II SUR'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume relates to measures taken by the Government of Muscat and Oman (with the assistance of the British Government) to assert its authority over the town of Sur and the nearby village of Aiqa [Al ‘Ayjah].The correspondence largely concerns customs control and the tense relations between the Muscat Government and the shaikhs of Sur and Aiqa, who are stated as belonging to the Jennebeh [Janabah] and Bani Bu Ali [Banī Bū ‘Alī] tribes respectively. Discussed at length is the issue of ensuring the collection of customs and the registration of dhows at Aiqa.Most of the correspondence is between the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. Other notable correspondents include the following: the Secretary of State for India; the Commanding Officer at Air Headquarters, Iraq Command; Saiyid Said bin Taimur [Sa‘īd bin Taymūr Āl Bū Sa‘īd], President of the Council of Ministers, and later Sultan of Muscat and Oman; Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Hamudah, Amir of Ja'alan [Emir of Ja‘lān] and Shaikh of Aiqa.Related matters of discussion include the following: the reported prolonged evasion of customs by the Bani Bu Ali in Aiqa; the level of assistance that should be provided by the British in order to help Muscat assert control in Sur and Aiqa (e.g. whether it is necessary to send HMS sloops to Sur); the interception of an Aiqa dhow by a Muscat State patrol vessel on 12 November 1931; preparations for 'punitive action' against Aiqa by the British – including a planned reconnaissance mission ahead of possible aerial bombardment, and discussion of naval bombardment – in the event of the Shaikh opposing the establishment of a customs post there.The Arabic language material mainly consists of correspondence between the Political Agent, the Shaikh of Aiqa, and Saiyid Said bin Taimur (English translations are present in most cases).All the material dates from the period 1931-1932, with the exception of some brief notes at the end of the volume, which are dated November 1939.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 255; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.