Number of results to display per page
Search Results
49. Coll 1/12 'Policy in the Protectorate: treaty with the Upper Yafai Chiefs, and other Chiefs in the Protectorate'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers regarding proposals to alter the basis of treaty relationships with tribes in the Aden Protectorate, comprising annotated treaty drafts, plus correspondence between the Foreign Office, the Colonial Office, the India Office Political Department, the Aden Resident (later Chief Commissioner, then Governor), and the Air Ministry.The correspondence primarily concerns a proposal by the Resident (Sir Stewart Symes) to replace existing individual tribal treaties with a single instrument, and to cease payments of fixed stipends for general service in favour of payments for services rendered. The proposed change in policy was later abandoned by the Chief Commissioner, Sir Bernard Reilly.The correspondence also concerns Symes's conference at Lahej, and the pact with the Lahej and other Chiefs to defend against Yemeni incursion into the Aden Protectorate; the deteriorating relationship between the Aden Protectorate and the Imam of San'a; and the suggestion by the Resident that a Chiefs' council should be established along the lines of the tribal councils in Baluchistan, to act as the central authority for the settlement of tribal affairs.The papers dated 1939 concern the Tripartite Agreement with the Qu'ayti [Qu'ayṭī] and Kathiri Sultans in the Aden Protectorate; the treaty between the British Government and Sultan Salih bin Ghalib Al Qu'ayti [Ṣāliḥ bin Ghālib Al Qu'ayṭī], Sultan of Shihr and Mukalla; and the reconstituted Qu'ayti-Kathari Agreement of 1918.A copy of the Report by Sir Gilbert Clayton on his Mission to the Imam of San'a(Colonial Office, 1926) is enclosed at folios 156-187.The following treaty and agreement drafts are found within the file:the agreement [the Lahej Pact] between the Chiefs of tribes and districts within the Aden Protectorate made 6 April 1929 in the presence of the Resident and Commander-in-Chief, ff 119-120;a draft treaty between the Chiefs of Upper Yafa and His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, agreeing to adhere to the purposes of the Lahej Pact of 6 April 1929, ff 84-85, 64-65, and 46;a draft agreement reconstituting the Qu'ayti-Kathiri Agreement of 1918, between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, His Highness the Qu'ayti Sultan of Shihr and Mukalla, and the Kathiri Sultan of Seiyun, on behalf of the Sultans of the Family of 'Abdulla al Kathiri, dated 26 February 1939, ff 19-23;a draft treaty between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, and Sultan Ja'far bin Mansur al Kathiri, Sultan of Seiyun, dated 2 March 1939, ff 17-18;a draft treaty between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, and Sultan Salih bin Ghalib al Qu'ayti, Sultan of Shihr and Mukalla, dated 13 August 1937, ff 3-6.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio one).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 188; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 15-188; these numbers are also written in pencil and circled, but have been superseded and therefore crossed out. A typescript pagination sequence is present in parallel between ff 156-87.
50. Coll 28/128 ‘Persia. Tour of 12thIndian Division Mobile Dispensary in Tribal areas.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to the despatch of mobile dispensaries to various parts of southern Persia [Iran] during the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Persia in the Second World War. The correspondence follows a report written by the 12 Indian Division Mobile Dispensary of a tour of parts of southern Persia (ff 68-71). Aside from descriptions of the conditions and tribes encountered, the report notes the potential public relations and propaganda value of sending British dispensaries into tribal regions of Persia. The subsequent correspondence discusses: the deployment of medical dispensaries to gather intelligence on the tribes of southern Persia; arrangements for further mobile dispensaries to be deployed in southern Persia; diseases and health conditions encountered in Persia; a report of a tour in Fars by Captain H Garrod of the 12 Indian Division Mobile Dispensary, containing descriptions of the conditions found, medical requirements, and with additional notes on the tribes encountered (ff 47-56); a report entitled ‘Horseback tour of the Kuhgalu [Kohgīlūyeh] tribes, through the Bavi, Boir-Ahmadi [Bowyer Aḩmad], Bahmai [Bahma’ī], Taibi and Agha Jari territories in the Zogros ranges and foothills’, prepared by Captain A H Parvis of the Royal Army Medical Corps (ff 8-29). A sketch map of the route taken taken by Parvis accompanies the report (f 29).The file’s principal correspondents are: the External Affairs Department of the Government of India; the British Ambassador at Tehran; the Foreign Office.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 73; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
51. Coll 28/130 ‘Persia. Tribal situation and recommended policy.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Reports and some correspondence relating to British policy towards tribes in Persia [Iran] during the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Persia in the Second World War. The file includes:An undated note on tribal policy in Kurdistan and Kermanshah, prepared by Lieutenant-Colonel C W Fletcher, Political Adviser at the British Consulate in Kermanshah, and with additional comments from the British Legation at Tehran. The note includes details of tribal chiefs, disarmament, and tribal hostility towards the government (ff 16-21)A 1944 report on the Bakhtiari tribe, prepared by the British Consul at Isfahan, Charles Alexander Gault. The report includes sections on: geography; communications; history; the Bakhtiari Governorate; tribal characteristics; military value; economic value; tribal organisation; the Khans; and a conclusion (ff 24-88).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 95; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
52. Coll 6/36(1) 'Transjordan-Nejd Frontier Affairs.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume, which largely consists of copies of Foreign Office and Colonial Office correspondence, concerns affairs on the Nejd-Transjordan frontier and relations between Hejaz-Nejd (later Saudi Arabia) and Transjordan generally.The beginning of the volume's correspondence follows on from IOR/L/PS/12/2096, documenting the British Government's response to a revolt against Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] in the northern part of the Hejaz, led by Ibn Rifada [Shaikh Hamid Ibn Rifadah].The correspondence includes discussion of the following:Reports of tribesmen crossing the frontier from Transjordan into the Hejaz.Accounts of meetings between the High Commissioner for Transjordan (Arthur Grenfell Wauchope) and Amir Abdullah [ʿAbdullāh bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī].Suspicions that Amir Abdullah could be assisting the revolt.Reports of the death of Ibn Rifada and his two sons.Reports of an alleged conspiracy against Ibn Saud, attributed to Hussein ad-Dabbagh.The likelihood of an agreement being concluded between Hejaz-Nejd and Transjordan, possibly along similar lines to a recent agreement between the Hejaz-Nejd and Iraq governments.King Feisal of Iraq's proposal to intervene to improve relations between Ibn Saud and Amir Abdullah.Plans for the expulsion of Beni Atiya [Beni ‘Atīyah] tribesmen from Transjordan into Saudi Arabia.The volume's principal correspondents are the following: His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); the High Commissioner, Transjordan (Arthur Grenfell Wauchope); the High Commissioner, Egypt (Sir Percy Loraine); the High Commissioner, Iraq (Francis Henry Humphrys); the British Resident, Transjordan (Charles Henry Fortnom Cox); His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Philip Cunliffe-Lister); officials of the Foreign Office and Colonial Office.In addition to correspondence, the volume contains the following:Copies of the minutes of interdepartmental meetings (featuring representatives of the Colonial Office, the Foreign Office, the India Office, and in one instance, the Air Ministry) on the subject of relations between Transjordan and Saudi Arabia.A copy of a memorandum by Sir Andrew Ryan, which discusses the possible connection of Amir Abdullah and/or his entourage to recent attempts to undermine Ibn Saud.A copy of a memorandum by Captain John Bagot Glubb, Acting Commanding Officer of the Arab Legion, entitled 'Memorandum on the Beni Atiya Situation'.The French material in this volume consists of one newspaper cutting.The volume includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 458; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 148-191; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the two leading and ending flyleaves.
53. Coll 6/36(2) 'Nejd-Transjordanian Frontier Affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume, which largely consists of copies of Foreign Office and Colonial Office correspondence, concerns affairs on the Nejd-Transjordan frontier and relations between Saudi Arabia and Transjordan generally.The volume's correspondence follows on from IOR/L/PS/12/2102, documenting the British Government's efforts both to secure mutual recognition between Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd] and Amir Abdullah [ʿAbdullāh bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī], and to initiate treaty negotiations between Transjordan and Saudi Arabia.The correspondence includes discussion of the following matters:Plans for the expulsion of Beni Atiya [Beni ‘Atīyah] tribesmen from Transjordan into Saudi Arabia.Reports of the presence of anti-Saudi conspirators in Transjordan.Suspicions of Amir Abdullah's complicity in anti-Saudi intrigues.Reports of the concentration of Akhwan [Ikhwan] forces near the Transjordan frontier.Allegations made by Ibn Saud that the British Government is failing to take effective steps to suppress anti-Saudi activities in Transjordan.Reports of a revolt against Ibn Saud in Asir.British policy regarding Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Transjordan.Whether it is appropriate to assign nationalities to Bedwin [Bedouin] tribes based in Transjordan and Nejd respectively.The volume features the following principal correspondents: the High Commissioner, Transjordan (Arthur Grenfell Wauchope); His Majesty's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires to Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill); the British Resident, Transjordan (Charles Henry Fortnom Cox); the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Philip Cunliffe-Lister); the Commanding Officer of the Arab Legion (Frederick Gerard Peake); the Commanding Officer of the Desert Patrol (Captain John Bagot Glubb); officials of the Foreign Office and Colonial Office.In addition to correspondence, the volume includes the following:Copies of drafts of a treaty of friendship and bon voisinage, as well as a treaty of extradition, between Transjordan and Saudi Arabia.A copy of a draft of the minutes of a meeting of the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-Committee for Questions Concerning the Middle East, dated 17 January 1933.Notes on a conference held between the High Commissioner for Transjordan, the British Resident for Transjordan, and Amir Abdullah, dated 19 February 1933.The material in this volume dates from November 1932 to April 1933, with the exception of a copy of a letter from His Majesty's Minister at Jedda to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir John Simon), which dates from August 1932.The volume includes two dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 495; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
54. Coll 28/44 ‘Persia; Internal; Fars affairs, Shiraz Situation including Papers on Isfahan Plot.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Papers and reports concerning a rebellion against the Persian Government by the country’s southern tribes (including the Qashqai and Bakhtiari) in the provinces of Isfahan and Fars in August 1946. The papers include: correspondence between the British Ambassador at Tehran, John Haller Le Rougetel, and the Foreign Office in London, reporting on events in Isfahan and Fars; correspondence concerning allegations made by the Persian Government that the British Consul General at Ahwaz [Ahvāz], Alan Charles Trott, was complicit in the rebellion; the British Government’s refutation of the claim; the Persian Government’s demand that the British Government recall Trott; the Persian Government’s eventual acceptance that Trott had no role in the affair; correspondence dated 1947 concerning the proofing and preparation of two reports, entitled The Tribes of Farsand Boir Ahamad,both by Lieutenant G F Magee. A draft copy of The Tribes of Farsconstitutes the contents of the next file in the series: Coll 28/44A ‘Persia; Internal; Fars Affairs; Lt G. F. Magee’s report entitled “The Tribes of Fars”’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3449).The file contains two items written in French: These are statements issued by the Iranian Prime Minister, Ahmad Qavam (ff 139-140).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 155; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
55. Coll 28/44A ‘Persia; Internal; Fars Affairs; Lt G. F. Magee’s report entitled “The Tribes of Fars”’
- Description:
- Abstract: Typescript copy of a secret report entitled The Tribes of Fars, written by Lieutenant G F Magee of the Intelligence Corps of the British Army, dated November 1945 (ff 9-236). Cover notes and a single item of correspondence, referring to arrangements for the printing of the report by the Government of India Press, precede the report (ff 3-7).The report discusses the following tribes: Qashqai – including Darrehshuri, Sheshboluki, Farsimadan, Amaleh, Kashkuli, Kashkuli Kuchek, Qaracheh; Kordshuli; Khamseh – including Arab, Baseri, Ainalu, Baharlu, Nafar, and notes on the small tribes attached to Khamseh Lashani; Mamassani; Doshmanziari. In its descriptions of tribes, the report details their: history; geography; communications; organisation; economy; relations with neighbouring tribes; relations with the Persian government; strength; personalities; and territory. The reports also includes genealogical trees, succession trees, an analysis of sub-tribes and sub-sections, and route reports for tribal territories.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 239; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
56. Coll 6/45 'Nejd-Transjordan Frontier Affairs.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume, which largely consists of copies of Foreign Office and Colonial Office correspondence, concerns affairs on the Nejd-Transjordan frontier and relations between Amir Abdullah [ʿAbdullāh bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī] and Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd].Much of the correspondence is concerned with the progress of treaty negotiations between Transjordan and Saudi Arabia (including discussion regarding the precise wording of the text of the treaty) and with arrangements for the ratification of the concluded treaty (signed in Jerusalem on 27 July 1933). Other subjects of discussion include the following:Mutual recognition between Ibn Saud and Amir Abdullah.The possibility of determining the nationality of tribes based on or near to the Saudi-Transjordan frontier.Reports of exchanges of personal communications between Amir Abdullah and Ibn Saud, and proposals for a meeting between the two rulers.Saudi-Yemeni relations.Amir Abdullah's visit to Bagdad [Baghdad] in April 1934.Reported anti-Saudi activities in Transjordan.In addition to correspondence the volume includes the following: copies of a draft treaty of friendship between Saudi Arabia and Transjordan; extracts from Transjordan political situation reports (1933-1934).The volume includes three dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence (folios 3-5).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 515; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 156-176; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
57. Coll 6/6 'Nejd: Nejd-Transjordan Frontier Raiding. Note from H.M.G. to Ibn Saud.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume largely consists of copies of Foreign Office correspondence (forwarded by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to the Under-Secretary of State for India) regarding reported raids on the frontier between Transjordan and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). Most of this correspondence consists of copies of letters and telegrams between the Foreign Office and the British Minister at Jedda, Sir Andrew Ryan, as well as translated copies of correspondence between Ryan and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd (later Saudi Arabia). The volume also contains India Office correspondence with the Foreign Office and Air Ministry.The correspondence is chiefly concerned with reported raids carried out on the Transjordan frontier by tribes from Nejd and Transjordan. Much of the Foreign Office correspondence discusses the efforts of the British to arrange a meeting between Captain John Bagot Glubb (recently appointed as British Intelligence Officer attached to the Transjordan Bedouin Control Board) and his counterpart, Abdul Aziz Ibn Zeid [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin Zeid], in order to resolve respective claims regarding raids from August 1930 to February 1931, and to make arrangements for the future intercommunication of information.Also discussed are the following:An alleged crossing into Hejazi-Nejdi territory by British aircraft and cars from Transjordan.A proposed extradition treaty between Transjordan and the Kingdom of the Hejaz and Nejd.Reports of meetings between Glubb and Abdul Aziz Ibn Zeid.The question of nationality in relation to certain tribes on the Transjordan and Hejaz-Nejd frontier (namely the Beni Atiya [Banū ʿAṭiyya] and the Atun, which Ryan describes as being a section of the Howeitat [Banū al- Ḥuwayṭāt]).In addition to correspondence the volume contains copies of minutes from meetings in early 1931 of the Committee of Imperial Defence's Standing Official Sub-Committee for questions concerning the Middle East, which discuss possible measures (such as the withdrawal of the British Minister at Jedda) that the British could take in the event of Ibn Saud returning 'an unsatisfactory answer' to British demands relating to the situation on the Transjordan and Hejaz-Nejd frontier. Also included are copies of memoranda from Glubb, one of which responds to complaints made against him by the Minister for Foreign Affairs for the Hejaz and Nejd.Other correspondents besides those already mentioned include the Secretary of State for Colonies, the Colonial Office, the High Commissioner for Transjordan (Sir John Robert Chancellor, succeeded by Arthur Grenfell Wauchope), the British Resident at Transjordan (Charles Henry Fortnom Cox), and His Majesty's Chargé d’Affaires at Jedda (Cecil Gervase Hope Gill).The volume includes three dividers which give a list of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 780; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
58. Coll 6/72 'Saudi Arabia: Relations with the Yemen. Delimitation of the Saudi-Yemeni Frontier.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file primarily concerns the delimitation of the Saudi-Yemeni frontier, following the conclusion of the Treaty of Taif in 1934. It includes discussion of the following: the geographical position of the Beni Malik [Bani Malik], Abadil [ʿAbādil] and Ahl Faifa [Ahl Fayfa] tribes; amendments to a pre-existing sketch map of the frontier; arrangements made by both parties of the treaty for the delimitation of the frontier.Correspondents include the following: His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires, Jedda (Albert Spencer Calvert); His Majesty's Minister, Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan); officials of the Foreign Office and the British Legation at Jedda.In addition to correspondence, the file includes a copy of the aforementioned sketch map (enclosed in an envelope), and a copy of a translation of an extract from the Treaty of Taif.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 25; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 1-24; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
59. Coll 1/7 'Protectorate Tribes: Relations with HMG; Conference of Tribal Chiefs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains reports of the Aden Resident (George Stewart Symes, later Bernard Reilly) on the Second, Third and Fourth Lahej Conferences of the Tribal Chiefs of the Aden Protectorate (British Protected Tribes in Southern Arabia); plus copies of the opening and closing conference addresses, and correspondence with the Secretary of State for India regarding British policy.The reports on the Second Conference (ff 50-61) discuss the following: frontier intelligence and protection; tolls and public security on caravan routes; the entertainment of subordinate Chiefs and the education of their sons at Aden; suggestions for the settlement of inter-tribal disputes; border disputes with Yemen, and the military actions of the Imam of Yemen; and King Ibn Sa'ūd's control of the Government of Asir.Two dispatches from the Resident (ff 43-49) regarding the following: the settlement of tribal disputes, and the suggestion that a small council be appointed by the Chiefs for this purposes; Zeidi military demonstrations in the Beihan region, and a proposal to send Political Officer Lieutenant-Colonel Lake to conduct an investigation.The reports on the Third Conference (ff 25-42) discuss the following: the adoption of rules of procedure for the settlement of inter-tribal disputes; treaty discussions with the Imam of Yemen; and a scheme for the medical instruction of selected tribesmen. Translated draft rules of procedure are appended to the correspondence.The reports on the Fourth Conference (ff 2-24) discuss the following: the Anglo-Yemen Treaty (Treaty of San'a) of 1934; and the establishment of a college for the education of the sons of Tribal Chiefs.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained within the file by year. This is found at the end of the correspondence (folio one).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 61; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 52-60; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
60. 'Notes on tribes and boundaries.'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists of a note written by J R Fitzgerald, First Assistant to the Agent to the Governor-General for Beluchistan, in which the author provides a number of instances of tribes divided by territorial boundaries, and casts doubt on the notion that members of those tribes cannot be said to be inhabitants of one side or the other of those boundaries.The file also reproduces an extract from a letter written by Her Majesty's Ambassador at Tehran, dated 26 December 1874, in which the author provides examples of nomadic tribes who migrate across boundary lines, but who nevertheless declare allegiance and pay tribute to one state or the other.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences and terminates at folio 191, as it is part of a larger physical volume; this number is written in pencil, is circled, and is located at the top right corner of the folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel; this number is also written in pencil, but is not circled