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61. The Enclosures to Secret Letter No. 9
- Description:
- Abstract: The assurances of the Maharaja of the Punjab Ranjit Singh that his forces would not invade Sindh without prior coordination between the governments, and his acceptance of British mediation in disputes with the Amirs of Sindh if pursued as discretely as possible, following discussions with the Political Agent in Ludhiana Captain Claude Martin Wade; the Political Agent in Sindh Colonel Henry Pottinger's messages to the Amir of Hyderabad Mir Nur Muhammad Khan Talpur clarifying the conditions of the withdrawal agreement with Ranjit Singh; the Maharaja's reluctance to grant an audience to, or dismiss the agents of the Amirs of Sindh; the Governor General George Eden, Lord Auckland’s empowerment of Captain Wade to discourage the exchange of letters and presents between Ranjit Singh and European leaders as far as possible; the account provided by Charles Masson of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i's decision to confront the army of the Punjab following the capture of Jamrud by Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa; the instructions of William Hay Macnaghten to Assistant Political Resident at Kutch Captain Alexander Burnes, including on the preservation of peace in the countries between India and Persia, conveyance of information on the political and economic conditions of those countries, the recent relations of those countries with Persia and the agents involved in conducting those relations, and the possible effects of a Persian expedition against the Amirate of Herat on those countries; an interview between the Afghan Ambassador Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan Javanshir and Macnaghten, and the latter's subsequent recommendation that Haji Husayn ‘Ali Khan should not be received in audience by the Governor General, and should instead be compelled to leave Calcutta; the detailed account provided by Dr Wood of the Battle of Jamrud and the death of Hari Singh; the political relations of Amir Dust Muhammad Khan with the Ghilza‘i, Talpur, Safi and Mohmand, and the expedition of the King of Persia Muhammad Shah Qajar against the Amirate of Herat; the meetings of the envoys from the Amirs of Sindh with Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra and Kanvar Kharak Singh; the demand of Shah Shuja’ al-Mulk Saduza‘i from the Amirs of Sindh to surrender Shikarpur; the departure of Sardar Pir Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i with 700 horsemen for Peshawar; the instructions of Captain Wade to Mr Masson to dispatch two decent 'emissaries' to the Amirates of Herat and Bukhara to obtain authentic intelligence about their political conditions; the deputation of Lieutenant Frederick Mackeson to join Captain Burnes on his mission to Kabul; permission for the naturalist Dr Hugh Falconer to accompany Lieutenant Mackeson to Kashmir; an invitation from Amir Bahawal Khan ‘Abbasi III to Captain Burnes to visit him at Ahmadpur; the mode for the conveyance of presents to Ranjit Singh on the occasion of his grandson’s wedding; the payment for a consignment of arms imported by General Jean-François Allard into the Punjab; the departure of a number of French officers from France with the intention of serving Ranjit Singh; the application of French officer Captain Auguste Lafont to cross the border into Punjab; the career of the French drill instructor Captain Benoit de Argoud in France, Egypt and the Punjab; the meetings held between Captain Burnes, the Amirs Mir Rustam Khan Talpur, Mir Mubarak Khan Talpur, Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur, and the Vizier Fath’ Muhammad Khan Ghuri at Khairpur; the current rumours about the robe of honour granted by Muhammad Shah Qajar to Shir Muhammad Khan Hazara, the departure of Kamran Shah Saduza‘i on an expedition against Qandahar, and that of Muhammad Sadiq Khan Barakza‘i to confront the forces of Kamran Shah at Girishk; a letter from Dust Muhammad Khan to Captain Burnes welcoming the latter's deputation to Kabul; the payment of debts incurred by Dr James Gerard on his return from Persia via Afghanistan; the appointment of a Punjabi official to accompany Captain Burnes and Lieutenant Mackeson to Attock; the advance of the Khalsa Army under General Allard and General Jean-Baptiste Ventura, and withdrawal of Sardar Muhammad Akbar Khan Barakza‘i and the Afghan Army to the Khyber Pass; the policy of Government to encourage a reconciliation between Ranjit Singh and Dust Muhammad Khan and thus prevent a possible alliance between Qajar Persia and Barakza‘i Afghanistan; the journey of Lieutenant Eldred Pottinger from Kutch State to Shikarpur, and Kalat through Darrah-yi Mulla, return to the Gundava Plains through the Bolan Pass, and progress towards Qandahar; the negotiations with the Amirs of Sindh for the establishment of a British Residency at Hyderabad; the commercial agreement between the Political Agent in Sindh and the government of Hyderabad; and the decision of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to conclude a peace settlement with Amir Dust Muhammad Khan Barakza‘i.Physical description: 343 folios
62. File 3170/1918 ‘Persia: loans to Bakhtiari Khans’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda and printed reports relating to the provision of loans to the Bakhtiari [Bakhtiyārī] khans in Persia [Iran].The correspondence discusses:British relations with the BakhtiarisBritish military movements in PersiaThe political situation in Persia including the prospects of a government being formed in TehranAdvance of monies to the Bakhtiari khans for the purchase of property at Barbarud [Dehnow]Correspondence between the Foreign Office and India Office about appropriate contributions to the paymentsRepayment of a loan made to Sirdar Zaffar Ilkhani [Sirdār Ẓafar Ilkhānī ] of the Bakhtiaris in 1918.Correspondents include the following: HM Ambassador to Iran, the Secretary to the Government of India’s Foreign and Political Department, and officials from the India Office and Foreign Office.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 115; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
63. File 3463/1913 ‘Aden Frontier Proposed ratification of the 1905 boundary settlement’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains India Office correspondence with the Foreign Office, mainly about the latter’s proposal to seek ratification of the Aden boundary settlement of 1905, as part of British counter-concessions to be tabled at the Anglo-Turkish Commercial Convention negotiations in London, 1913-1914. Included in this correspondence are observations made by the Viceroy of India, representing the views of the Government of India on the Aden frontier question; and discussions with the War Office, London, and the Ordnance Survey Office, Southampton, about the reproduction of the Aden boundary protocols and maps in connection with the ratification process. The volume includes two, mainly French versions of the Aden Boundary Protocols of 1903, 1904 and 1905, jointly signed by Colonel R A Wahab and Colonel Moustapha Remzi Bey, the respective British and Ottoman boundary commissioners, together with two War Office maps dated 1906 and 1914, showing the Aden Protectorate boundary line and on the earlier map, tribal names and boundaries. There are also printed copies in French of a draft version (signed and dated 13 February 1914) and final version (signed and dated 9 March 1914) of the Anglo-Ottoman convention on the Aden frontier, in which both governments agreed to exchange instruments of ratification in London within three months.The volume also contains less extensive correspondence about the commercial proposal (in French) dated 31 July 1913, drafted by Ibrahim Hakki Pasha, the chief Ottoman negotiator in London. This correspondence includes detailed observations made by the British Chargé d’Affaires at Constantinople [Istanbul] and the Board of Trade in London, about the further trade concessions in Persian Gulf countries sought by the Imperial Ottoman Government.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 132; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
64. File 3540/1916 'MESOPOTAMIA 1918 PORTION'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume consists of printed reports, typed letters and other miscellaneous correspondence by British officials relating to the British occupation of Mesopotamia in the period September 1917 to March 1919 covering such topics as administration of justice, agriculture and land revenue, and tribes.The papers notably cover the following:Arab labour in the Occupied Territories (ff 581-588)British relations with tribesmen of southern Kurdistan (ff 565-580)Violent actions of Russian troops at Khaniqin [Khanaqin]Administration of the Tribal Disputes Regulation in the Basra vilayet (f 452)The Euphrates Channels from Musaiyib [Musayyib] to Sammarah [Samarra]: physical features and position of tribesDesert reconnaissance undertaken by 31st Wing, RAF, Mesopotamia, August 1918 (ff 141-143)Revenue for Basra vilayet, May 1918 (ff 114-139).Notable items include the following:Land revenue reportsBritish relations with the Arab tribes in various regions of MesopotamiaBritish relations with the Kurdish tribes of the Kurdish areas of MesopotamiaReports concerning the potential for mineral, agricultural and economic developmentReports on trips of reconnaissanceReports on the administration of justiceStatement of expenditure incurred by the civic hospital, Basra from 1916-17Report by Mr Bonham Carter, Senior Judicial Officer, Baghdad on Administration of Civil Justice in Baghdad vilayet (f 441)List of mineral specimens sent to Imperial Institute, London (ff 425-426)Revenue note on Karbala (f 368)Note on trip from Qal‘at Salih via the marshes and Beni Turuf [Banī Ṭurf] country to Ahwaz by Captain Stuart Edwin Hedgcock, Assistant Political Officer, ‘Amarah [Al ‘Amarah]Notes on the tribes of Southern Kurdistan by Major Ely Bannister Soane, Political Officer, Khaniqin [Khanaqin]Land revenue note on Qizil Rabat [Jabal Qizil Rabat] including a family tree of a branch of the Jaf [Jaff] tribe (f 254)Report on the administration of civil and criminal justice in the Basra vilayet by the courts established under the Iraq Occupied Territories Code during the year 1917Compilation of proclamations, notices relating to civil administration and inhabitants of the Baghdad vilayet issued 22 December 1916 to 1 July 1918 (ff 204-236)Proclamation issued by the General Officer Commanding in Chief (ff 171-203)Political Office Diaries, July-August 1918 for Badra, Hai [Al-Hay], Zobair [Az Zubayr], Suq-esh-Sheyukh [Suq Al-Shuyukh], Nasiriyeh [Nasiriyah], Shattra [Al-Shatrah], Qilat Sikar [Qalat Sukkar] (ff 145-167)Supplement number 5 (up to 1 July 1918). The Iraq Occupied Territories Code, 1915Handbook to ‘Amarah Agricultural Show (in Arabic) (ff 60-67)Memorandum on Shebanah (local Arab levies) in Mesopotamia (f 51)Half yearly report on the working of the Office of Superintendent, Government Press, Basra, for the half year ending 30 September 1918 (ff 44-49)Land revenue reports for Musaiyib, Qizil Rabat, Kadhimian [Kadhimiya], Diwaniyah [Al Diwaniyah], Ramadi, Shamiyah [Al-Shamiya] (ff 24-42)Report on a visit to Jabal Sinjar, Captain Archibald Campbell Munro, Indian Medical Service, July 1918.Correspondents include: Civil Commissioner, Baghdad (Percy Zachariah Cox); Chief Political Officer in Charge, Iraq Section, Arab Bureau (Gertrude Lothian Bell); Director, Military Intelligence, Cairo; Officer-in-Charge, Arab Bureau; Chief Political Officer, Baghdad; Senior Judicial Officer, Baghdad; First Revenue Officer, Indian Civil Service; and the General Headquarters, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 670; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. There are five foliation anomalies: f 143a, f 429a, f 449a, f 581a, and f 617a.
65. File 4640/1928 Pt 2 ‘Muscat Situation at Sur.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains papers concerning the situation at Sur in the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman. The papers mainly relate to ‘difficulties’ which had arisen between the tribes of Sur and the Government of Muscat, inter-tribal and inter-factional rivalries, the question of what action the British Government should take to support the authority of the Muscat Government at Sur, and the general question of future British policy in Muscat.It includes papers relating to the following:The claim to independence of Ali bin Abdullah, Shaikh of the Bani Bu Ali (also spelled Beni Bu Ali) tribe and Amir of Jaalan [Emir of Ja‘alān, also spelled Jalan and Jallan]The bombardment of the fort of Said bin Abdullah (also spelled Saeed bin Abdullah) by the Muscat gunboat, and the shelling and destruction of the fort by HMS CyclamenAn incident in which a Hinawi caravan was stopped at Sur by the Amirs of Jaalan, who hoisted a flag in their fort at Aiqa (also spelled Aigah in the volume) which was reportedly the flag of King Ibn Saud, but which the Amirs of Jaalan subsequently stated was their own flagThe Government of India’s recommendation that a regiment be sent to hold SurTribal conflict and rivalries, including the feud between the two main sections of the Jenebeh [al-Janabah] tribe, the Makhanah and the Aramah, which the British Government viewed as being encouraged by Ali bin Abdullah, and the feud between the Beni Bu Ali and the Beni Bu Hassan tribesProposed air operations by aircraft supported by HM Ships against the Bani Bu Ali at Sur.The papers mainly consist of correspondence, memoranda, reports, and India Office Political Department minute papers.The main correspondents are as follows: the India Office; the Political Agent and HBM Consul, Muscat; Mahomed bin Nasir Ali Hamud, Amir of Jalan; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India Foreign and Political Department; the Admiralty; the Foreign Office; the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies; and the Air Ministry.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 392; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
66. File 7190/1920 Pt 1 ‘Persia:- Situation in Arabistan. Bakhtiari crisis. Sheikh of Mohommerah and Persian Govt.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence, telegrams, summaries, reports, notes and other papers concerning British support of the Shaikh of Mohammerah [Khorramshahr; also written as Mohommerah, for example in the title field] in the context of the Persian [Iranian] Government's relationship with the tribes of South Persia including the Bakhtiaris [Bakhtiyārī].The papers notably cover:A conversation between HM Minister at Tehran (Sir Percy Loraine) and the Sheikh of Mohammerah [Shaikh Khaz‘al al-Ka‘bī Mu‘izz al-Salṭanah] about political mattersThe threatened movement of Persian troops to Arabistan [Khuzestan] to enforce payment of revenue by the Shaikh of MohammerahThe despatch of Persian troops to Arabistan and attacks against them by the BakhtiarisThe resignation of the Governor-General of ArabistanRelations between the Government of Persia and the Bakhtiari and southern tribesThe attitude of the Persian Minister of War, Reza Khan [Reżā Shāh Pahlavī], towards tribal leaders in South Persia and the interpretation of HM Minister, Tehran of the positionThe Shah of Persia’s visit to Bushire [Bushehr] and the policy of Reza KhanA memorandum on British wartime obligations with the rulers of the Persian Gulf coast entitled ‘A Memorandum on British Commitments (During the War) to the Gulf Chiefs’ (ff 129-135)Pledges given by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to the Sheikh of Mohammerah dated 1 December 1908 and 16 May 1909 (f 126).The volume also contains a hand-drawn map of Arabistan (f 90).The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and HM Minister, Tehran.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 254; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers. The sequence contains two foliation anomalies, missing out f 323 and including f 255a.
67. Copies of Letters from Brigadier-General John Malcolm, Representative of the Government of India to Persia, to Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, and to the Secret Committee
- Description:
- Abstract: A copy of a dispatch from Brigadier-General John Malcolm, Envoy of the Supreme Government of India to Persia [Iran], to Lord Minto, Governor-General of Bengal, sent from Bagdad [Baghdad] and dated 6 October 1810. The dispatch concerns Malcolm’s views on the state of Persia. It includes discussion of the following: population and tribes; government; the army; state revenues; the character of the King [Shah] of Persia [Fath-‘Ali Shāh Qājār], his Court and his family; political relations between the United Kingdom and Persia, and British policy towards Persia.Included is a copy of a letter from Malcolm to the Secret Committee of the Court of the Directors of the East India Company, sent from Bombay [Mumbai] and dated 10 February 1811, enclosing a copy of a dispatch to the Secret Committee (which is not included in this item), which he states he had previously forwarded from Bagdad by Lieutenant MacDonald, who he goes on to state had been plundered within a few miles of Bagdad.Physical description: 1 item (47 folios)