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1. 'PERSIAN GULF AND GULF OF OMAN. RESOURCES AND COAST DEFENCES. 1903.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains a printed report published by the 'Admiralty, Intelligence Department (No. 694). September 1903.', providing a compilation of available information of naval, military and political value about various locations in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Places described include Muscat, Mussandam Promontory, Khor Kawi [Khawr al Quway‘], Elphinstone Inlet [Khawr ash Shamm], Khasab, Pirate Coast [Arabian Coast], Bahrain, Kuwait, Fao [Al Fāw], Basra, Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], Bushire, Lingah and Bundar Abbas [Bandar Abbas].Much of the information was extracted from the Persian Gulf Pilot, 1898. The report also includes an 'Official statement of British Policy with regard to (1) the proposed Baghdad Railway; and (2) Persia and the Persian Gulf generally' given in the House of Lords, 5 May 1903; and advice on collecting information on defences such as defended areas, minefields, ordnance and under-water defences.Two hand-stamps appear on the front cover and on folio 3, which read, 'War Office Library 27 Nov 1903', and, 'Mobilization and Intelligence Dept. 27 Nov 1903'.The volume contains seven maps.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 57; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: an original printed pagination sequence is present in parallel throughout.
2. 'TRIBES ROUND THE JUNCTION OF THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS'
- Description:
- Abstract: An official publication entitled Tribes Round the Junction of the Euphrates and the Tigriscompiled by the Basrah [Basra] Branch of the Arab Bureau, Cairo Intelligence Department.The publication consists of: an overview of the political situation in the area; notes on the Bani Mansūr [Banū Manṣūr], Bani Asad [Banū Asad], Bani Mālik [Banū Mālik], Bani Rabī’ah [Banū Rabīʿah], Ma’dān [al-Maʿdān], and Muhaisin [al-Muḥaysin] tribes, covering lineage, leaders, and allegiances; and a note on land ownership in the area.This is followed by tables displaying the tribes of the Dair [Al Dayr], Harthah [Al Harithah], Madinah, Nashwah, Qurnah [Al Qurna], Sharish, and Suwaib [Al Suwayb] districts. The tables list the leaders, strength, and place of residence of tribes, with notes on their history and politics. Two genealogical charts of ruling families are also included.The publication was printed in Calcutta [Kolkata] in 1917 and is marked ‘SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 17; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
3. ‘Book 128’ Letters outward
- Description:
- Abstract: All letters in the file are from the British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at his Residency on the Island of Karrack [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye] and are addressed mainly to the British Government in Bombay. Many of the Resident’s letters include extracts from reports submitted to him by the British naval commander in charge of the Persian Gulf Squadron and the Native Agent in Shargah [Sharjah], both acting under his direction. The majority of the Resident’s letters concern outbreaks of hostilities between the several Arab Chiefs and their tribespeople inhabiting the Arabian coast and ports of the Persian Gulf, as well as the measures taken by him to enforce the Maritime Truce and suppress piracy in the region. Events, intelligence and activities reported in the year 1841 include the following:The disunion between Shaikh Sultan ben Suggur [Sultan bin Saqr], the Joasmee [Qasimi] Chief of Shargah and his son Suggur, who sought refuge with his rival Shaikh Mukhtoom [Maktūm], the Chief of Debaye [Dubai] (folios 2-3);The Resident’s ultimatums, including the threat of naval force, to Shaikh Salmin bin Nasir, Governor of Biddah [Doha] regarding his protection of the pirate Jubbur Rugragee and to Shaikh Mukhtoom, Chief of Debaye regarding his condonation of the repeated aggressions by his subjects on boats belonging to Benyas [Bani Yas] tribespeople (folios 4-7, 13-15);Disturbances by the townspeople of Bushire, following the introduction of new taxes and the non-payment of the troops guarding the town, by Sheikh Nasir, the Governor of Bushire (folios 8-9, 27);The unwillingness of the Shaikhs of Brymee [al Buraimi] to stop the frequent marauding expeditions by members of their tribes into the territories of the Imam of Muscat (folios 11-12);The Resident’s tour of the Arabian coast by ship in May for the annual renewal of the Maritime Truce at successive meetings with the Chiefs of the Arab ports (folios 13-15, 18-24, 27, 39-41);During a visit by the Prince of Shiraz, the merchants of Bushire and Shiraz affirm that the British occupation of the Island of Karrack is harmful to Persian trading interests (folios 16-17);The persistent marauding expeditions of Shaikh Khalifa bin Shakboot [Khalifa bin Shakhbut], the Benyas Chief of Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi] into the districts of Shaikh Sultan ben Suggur of Shargah and Shaikh Mukhtoom of Debaye (folios 26, 30-33);Repossession of the Fort at Houken by Syed Sooweny, Governor of Muscat, from the deposed Oman Chief, Syef bin Sooleman who had seized it in a surprise attack (folios 28, 32);The Resident gives his reasons for doubting that the peace agreed between the Joasmee and Naeem Tribes on one side and the Benyas, Moozara and Joowahir Tribes on the other side will last (folios 34-35);The Resident rescues members of the Persian royal family from shipwreck off the Island of Karrack, on the morning of 17 November (folios 42-43);The Resident’s detailed instructions and arrangements for an urgent British mission to Ameer Khaled at his camp near Lahsah [Al-Hasa], to dissuade him from invading Oman and thereby prevent the outbreak of tribal war in Oman and the destruction of Brymee (44-46, 49-50);The Resident’s detailed instructions for the work of the Residency during his absence and under the temporary charge of Lieutenant-Colonel C Davies in December, the latter’s preparations on taking up his new duties, for the imminent evacuation of British troops from the Island of Karrack (folios 47-50).Numerous letters have been crossed through. These tend to be short letters about the routine management of the Residency: staff, accommodation, equipment, accounts and communications.A few surviving letters are incomplete, only the start or end of the letter remains on file.The file title ‘Book 128 1841’ is written in blue ink on a 20th century file cover (folio 1) enclosing the letters, which are unbound.Physical description: Foliation: the letters in the file are numbered 2 to 50, from front to back. The numbering is written in pencil in the top right corner and encircled, on the recto.Pagination: the contents of the file were originally numbered in ink as follows: 21-24, 57-64, 71-74, 111-112, 115-124, 135-138, 153-166, 209-212, 245-246, 255-258, 263-278, 281-282, 305-310, 363-366, 371-380, 389-392.
4. 'Book 130' Letters inward
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains:Letters exchanged between the British Government in London, the British Government of India and the Bombay Government, the British Resident in the Persian Gulf and the British Agent Muscat, September 1840 to February 1841 about alleged French demands on the East African territories of the Imaum of Muscat in the vicinity of Zanzibar (folios 2-10);Letters exchanged between the British Envoy to Persia and the British Resident in the Persian Gulf, and an intelligence report from the British Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, concerning Persian affairs, April 1841 (folios 23-25) and the evacuation of British troops from the Island of Karrack [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye], October 1841 (folios 40-41);Intelligence reports submitted by the British Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf to the Superintendent of the Indian Navy, February-March 1841 (folios12-19) and the British Resident in the Persian Gulf, March 1841 (folios 20-22) and which include English translations of letters from Sheikh Mucktoom [Maktūm] of Dubai (folio 19) and Sheikh Salmin ben Nassur of El Biddah [Doha] (folio 16), together with two Arabic promissory notes from the latter Sheikh (folios 23A and 23B). The reports relate to the British naval patrol of the Trucial Coast in the winter of 1841, referring to hostilities between the Chiefs of the Arab Ports and British enforcement of the Maritime Peace Treaty by the collection of money and goods from chiefs who had given protection to pirates or who had failed to take measures against any of their subjects known to have committed acts of piracy, as compensation to the rightful owners of plundered boats;Intelligence reports submitted by the British Commander of the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf to the British Resident in the Persian Gulf, July-October 1841 (folios 26-39) regarding his patrol of the Pearl Fishery banks during the summer pearling season.Physical description: Foliation: the letters are numbered 2-50, 23A, 23B, 23, 24-41, from front to back. The numbering is written in pencil in the top right corner and encircled, on the recto. Two small documents numbered 23A and 23B form a single folio. The front of the file cover is numbered 1.Pagination: the contents of the file were originally numbered in ink as follows: 29-33, 46-53, 69-70, 87-104, 106, 118-119, 123-125, 197-203, 212-223, 245-248, 250-251, 264. Blank pages and pages containing brief details such as name and address are unnumbered.One of two Arabic seals that appear on the reverse side of two Arabic promissory notes (folios 23A and 23B) is partly obscured by the strip of paper to which both documents are attached.
5. ‘Book 131’ Secret letters inward
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains letters received by Captain Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf in 1841, mainly from J P Willoughby, Secretary to the Government of Bombay. At this period, the British Residency was based temporarily on the island of Karrack. The letters to the Resident contain information, guidance and instructions from the Governor in Council of Bombay. They also frequently include copies of pertinent correspondence between other British officials, mainly the Governor in Council of Bombay, the Governor General of India, the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors of the East India Company, London and Lord Palmerston, the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, London. The letters and their enclosures discuss events in East Africa and the Persian Gulf in 1841 and their implications for British foreign policy, relations and interests in these regions. The main topics discussed in the correspondence are as follows:• Captain Atkins Hamerton’s mission to Zanzibar on behalf of the British Government, to investigate French ambitions in the East African territories of the Imam of Muscat, attempts by the French Government to establish a French Consular Agent at Zanzibar, French occupation of territory on the island of Nasbeh or Nos Beh [Nosy Bé], near Madagascar and the history of tribal warfare between its inhabitants. There are English translations of four documents seen by Hamerton in Zanzibar, including an agreement dated 29 April 1838 between Queen Smeko [Tsiomeko] of the Sucklavee [Sakalava] Tribe on the Island of Nos Beh and the Imam of Muscat. There is also an English translation of a letter sent by Lord Palmerston to the Imam of Muscat in September 1840 (folios 2-8, 14-17, 24-26, 75-90);• Plans for the evacuation of British troops from their military station on the island of Karrack [Khārk, Jazīreh-ye], following the return of the island to the ownership and control of Persian authorities, in accordance with a recent commercial treaty between Persia and Great Britain. The desirability of retaining a British settlement on Karrack and the British Government’s view that the British Resident should remain on the island and continue to conduct Residency business in the Persian Gulf from Karrack (folios 21, 63, 67-69, 74, 92-99, 107-110);• Discussion of British policy and measures for suppression of the maritime slave trade between ports in India, East Africa, the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. The intention of the British Government to increase its demands on the Trucial Coast Chiefs of the Persian Gulf to actively prohibit the slave trade in their ports and equally the Imam of Muscat, with regard to his ports in Zanzibar and other East African territories. The intention of the British Government to ask the Persian Government to prohibit the slave trade in the Persian Gulf ports subject to its authority and control (folios 19, 33-36, 56-57,102-106, 111-117).Physical description: Foliation: the letters are numbered 2-26, 26A, 27-65 and 66-117, from front to back. The numbering is written in pencil on the recto, in the top right corner and encircled. The front of the file cover is numbered 1 and the back of the file cover is numbered 119 on the inside. There is a blank internal cover enclosing letters numbered 66 to 117. The front of the internal blank cover is numbered 66A and the back of the internal blank cover is numbered 118 on the inside.Pagination: the contents of the file were originally numbered in ink as follows: 9, 11, 7, 8, 12, 14, 17, 19 and then in strict ascending numerical order from 21 to 377, but with many gaps in the sequence. This earlier numbering of the file is predominantly pagination, but includes remnants of some former foliation systems as well. Blank pages or folios and those containing brief details only, such as name and address, are usually unnumbered.
6. 'Negotiations with Ibn Saud regarding Boundaries of Saudi Arabia'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains a letter, dated 31 August 1950, from F L C Chauncey, His Majesty's Consul at Muscat, to the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bahrain, enclosing a report entitled 'Notes on the Tribes of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman' (ff 4-28). The report is in response to a letter from the Political Residency, No. 378/27/50G, dated 19 August 1950, regarding specific tribes and their relations with Saudi Arabia. These include: Al bu Shamis [Āl Bū Shāmis], Awamir [al-‘Awāmir], Janabah, Al Daru [al-Darū‘] and Bani Qitab [Banī Qitab]. The report contains details about these and other tribes. In addition, the final eight folios are comprised of a table of details of the tribes, such as district, principal settlements and villages, names of shaikhs, estimated population, estimated number of rifles and other remarks.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional incomplete foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 3-28; these numbers are also written in pencil and ink, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
7. 'The Muntafik. Al Sa'dun, Bani Malik, Ajwad, Bani Sa'id, Bani Huchaim'
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains details of the Muntafik [Muntafiq], a confederacy of tribes in the Middle East, which is made up of tribal groups including the Bani Malik, Ajwad and Bani Sa'id. The volume opens with a historical outline of the development of the group before providing further details about members of the confederacy.There is a map on folio 18 which outlines the divisions and locations of the Bani Malik, and there are genealogical tables for Al Sa'dun between folios 7-17. Folios 19-87 contain lists of the tribes represented under the Muntafik. For some tribes, there are brief notes relating to their location and how they are viewed by other members of the confederacy and by the British.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 89; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
8. 'Lower Mesopotamia'
- Description:
- Abstract: A map of south-eastern Mesopotamia with parts of south-western Persia [Iran] and Kuwait, indicating tribal regions in Mesopotamia. The map also indicates settlements, hydrology, and the Persia-Mesopotamia border, with some indication of relief. The map sheet incorrectly states the scale as 1 inch to 4 miles; this should read 1 inch to 40 miles. The map bears the printing statement: 'S[imla].D[rawing].O[ffice]. No. 1697, Oct. 1916.'.Physical description: Materials: Printed on paperDimensions: 225 x 190mm, on sheet 335 x 222mm
9. 'CORRECTIONS TO THE GAZETTEER OF PERSIA VOLUME II'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of corrections to the Gazetteer of Persia Volume II(1st Series, 1917). It provides an index to the sub-tribes referred to in the volume.Printed at the Government Monotype Press, Simla, 1918.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 12; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
10. 'CORRECTIONS TO THE GAZETTEER OF PERSIA VOLUME III'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of corrections to the Gazetteer of Persia Volume III(1st Series, 1918). It provides an index to the sub-tribes referred to in the volume.Printed at the Government Monotype Press, Simla, 1918.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 54; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-53; these numbers are printed, and are not circled.
11. 'Military report on Tehran and adjacent Provinces of North-West Persia (including the Caspian Littoral)'
- Description:
- Abstract: Military report compiled by Captain LS Fortescue of the General Staff of the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force and printed in Calcutta at the Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1922.The volume begins with a statement defining the geographical area covered by the report. The report is divided into ten chapters, plus appendices, each concerning a different subject, as follows:Chapter 1: HistoryChapter 2: GeographyChapter 3: Climate, Water, Medical and AviationChapter 4: EthnographyChapter 5: Administration (including a table of provinces with administrative details (folios 123-30)Chapter 6: Armed Forces of the Persian GovernmentChapter 7: Economic ResourcesChapter 8: TribesChapter 9: PersonalitiesChapter 10: CommunicationsAppendices: Glossary of terms; Weights, measures and coinage; Bibliography; Historical sketch (Chapter 1) continued from June 1920 to the end of 1921At the back of the volume (folio 302) is a map to illustrate the report.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 303; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
12. 'An Account of the Arab Tribes in the Vicinity of Aden'
- Description:
- Abstract: 'An Account of the Arab tribes in the Vicinity of Aden' that was originally compiled by Captain F M Hunter and C W H Sealy in 1886, added to intermittently by various officers of the Aden Residency and re-published and revised in September 1907 by Captain Arthur Henry Eyre Moose, Assistant Political Resident. The report is dated 1909 and was printed at the Government Central Press, Bombay.The account covers:the 'Abdalithe Subehithe 'Akrabithe Fadthlithe Haushabithe 'Aulakithe Yafaithe 'Alawithe 'Amir of Dthalathe Wahidithe Shaikh of 'Irkathe Shaikh of Lower HauraKishn and Sokotrathe Kasadithe Kaitithe Kathirihistorical resumé of Mokalla, Shehr and the HadthramutBehan al Kasabthe 'AudaliBeda.Appendix A is a detailed statement of tribes and chiefs in relations with the Aden Residency, Appendix B is a list of relevant treaties and engagements, Appendix C is a list of places visited from time to time by the Aden Troop, Appendix D is a number of genealogical tables and Appendix E is a list of notable personages in the Aden Protectorate.In a separate pouch, the file contains three maps as follows: Map of the Arabian Coast from Hiswa Mukaidthir to Makatin (folio 195), Map of the Arabian Coast from Makatin to Bandar Janjari (folio 196) and Map showing Tribes and New Boundary of the Aden Protectorate (folio 197).Physical description: Foliation: this file consists of two physical volumes. The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover of volume one (ff 1-193) and terminates at the inside back cover of the second volume (ff 194-198); these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located at the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: volume one also contains an original printed pagination sequence.