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1. 'C-85. 86/30 - I WIRELESS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN BAHRAIN AND SAUDI ARABIA'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence regarding applications from the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) and California Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC), represented primarily by Hamilton R Ballantyne and Max Weston Thornburg, for permission to install wireless apparatus and operate wireless telegraphy between Dhahran [Aẓ-Ẓahrān] and Awali [ʻAwālī].The discussion, which is primarily between the Political Agent at Bahrain (Hugh Weightman, Reginald George Evelin Alban), the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf, the India Office (Roland Tennyson peel, John Percival Gibson, Esmond Walter Rawson Lumby), and the Imperial Communications Advisory Committee (William Warren Shaw-Zambra) relates initially to the question of whether Cable and Wireless have a monopoly on international telegraphic communications in Bahrain, and whether therefore such a proposal would infringe on that.The later correspondence discusses the wartime implications of such a communication service, particularly in regards to the question of censorship, and its possibilities as an advance warning of enemy aircraft from Arabia, which arises following the air raid on CASOC’s facility at Dhahran in 1941.Also discussed in the volume is a proposal for an agreement between Cable and Wireless and BAPCO whereby Cable and Wireless would operate the services required by BAPCO for a fee, but it was ultimately abandoned owing to restrictions laid down by the Saudi Arab Government that wireless communication between the two companies would only be permitted provided the recipient wireless sets in Bahrain were on BAPCO sites only.Other matters discussed in the volume include:the discovery that CASOC were using wireless sets on board launches and tankers outside of the territorial waters of Saudi Arabia to communicate direct with the USA and whether or not this contravened international laws or regulations;the potential expansion of the Bahrain refinery to accommodate wartime needs, using crude oil shipped from Saudi Arabia;an agreement made in 1935 between the Saudi Government, Sudan Government, Eastern Telegraph Company and Cable and Wireless which granted Cable and Wireless a monopoly in Saudi Arabia;concerns over the Saudi Arabian Mining Syndicate and their lack of awareness and concern over the need for secrecy in wartime.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 186-193.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 197; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 5-185; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
2. 'Ext 4041/42 Establishment of an MI6 W/T station at Zahidan'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains telegrams between the British Embassy at Tehran and the Foreign Office regarding the establishment of a Wireless Telegraphy (WT) Station at Zahidan [Zahedan, Iran], and plans to send a clerk and a Vice-Consul.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 5; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
3. 'Iraqi Post and Telegraph Guide 1930'
- Description:
- Abstract: Printed volume containing details and rules of posting in Iraq.Key chapters in the volume cover:Inland postForeign postForeign parcel postMoney ordersOfficial post articlesRailway post lettersTelegraphs.There are some loose folios in an envelope, placed at the back of the volume. These contain amendments suggested to the parcel postage section; their author and date are unknown.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 231; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
4. 'Wireless Telegraph Stations in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Written by the India Office it covers: an early history of wireless telegraphy in the Persian Gulf, including proposals for its use, from 1904-1915; the erection of stations at Bushire, Henjam, Bahrein [Bahrain], Koweit [Kuwait], Dubai, and Lingah [Bandar-e-Lengeh] from 1915-1917; Persian requests for the removal of stations in 1922; Persian prohibition of import of wireless spare parts in 1927; desiderata of His Majesty's Government on the future of the wireless stations regarding negotiations with the Persian Government, the question of the efficient retention of wireless stations, and a potential agreement between Persia and Imperial Airways; a summary of the current position as of August 1928.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 3, and terminates at f 4, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
5. ‘WAR DIARY. ARMY HEADQUARTERS, INDIA. […] I.E.F. “D”. Volume 18. PART I. (From 1st to 15th January 1916).’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains a chronological list of brief summaries of papers relating to the activities of the Indian Expeditionary Force D (also known as the Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force) between 1 and 15 January 1916. This is accompanied by appendices containing copies and extracts of these papers, which include: letters, telegrams, notes, tables, and memoranda.A summary of the contents of this volume can be found at folio 3, and the volume concerns:Appreciations [reports] and intelligence summaries from the Directorate of Military OperationsWireless communication with the Russian stations and laying of wireless cables from Fao [Al-Faw] to Bushire [Bushehr] and from Kuwait to Basrah [Basra]The supply of wireless personnel from Australia and New ZealandThe battle of Shaikh [Sheikh] Sa’adSir Percy Lake’s appointment as Commander of IEF DMedical supplies and the provision of hospitals and hospital shipsItemised food suppliesThe supply of military equipment and river craftThe strength of the Russian force in Persia [Iran]Reports that the Turks [Ottomans] were compulsorily enlisting Muslim subjects of enemy and neutral statesInformation concerning Jamal Pasha [Ahmad Jamāl Bāshā]The battle of Wadi Nullah [Battle of Wadi]Reinforcements for Force D, including the labour corps and for the Marine Survey in Mesopotamia.The following tables appear:The distribution of the troops in Force D on folios 30-32 and 105-106The strength of Force D on folios 76-77 and 155The composition of IEF D on 1 Jan 16 on folios 125-128.Physical description: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 184; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 5-182; these numbers are printed and are located in the bottom centre of the recto side of each folio.Dimensions: 21 x 33cm
6. 'Correspondence re the Establishment of a Wireless Telegraph Station in Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file relates to the establishment and operation of the wireless telegraph station (later also radio station) in Bahrain [frequently referred to in the papers as Bahrein]. The papers include correspondence from the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Government of India; the Ruler of Bahrain, Sheikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifah [‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah, Hakim of Bahrain] (in Arabic with translations in English); and other British officials.The papers include:proposal from the Political Agent, Bahrain for the establishment of telegraphic communication with India, showing that the initiative had come from British Indian traders in Bahrain, and the response from the Government of India, September 1902 - March 1903;renewal of the proposal by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, advancing many reasons for the increased desirability of a telegraph service, March 1908;papers concerning a site for the wireless station, including sketch map (ff. 16-17), May - August 1912;papers relating to cost of building, testing of the ground, and preparation of estimates, August - September 1912;proposed removal of stone from Phoenician tombs for use in building the station, and use of stone from old Portuguese fort, July - December 1914;construction, May 1915;completion of station, appointment and payment of naturs (watchmen) to supervise the site, installation of more powerful apparatus, and letters and telegrams of congratulation on the opening of the station, March - July 1916;request from Sheikh Isa for a special concessionary wireless rate for himself and his sons, August 1916;proposals for the construction of a wall or fence around the site, August - November 1916; and,correspondence with the Commodore, Persian Gulf, concerning the need for officials of the wireless station to notify movement of Royal Navy ships more accurately, November 1916.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1, on the third folio after the front cover, and terminates at 155, on the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, and appear in the top right hand corner of the recto page of each folio. Foliation anomalies: ff. 75, 75A, 75B; ff. 89, 89A. The following folio numbers do not appear: 12, 22, 42, 44, 46, 55, 74, 106.
7. 'File VII/1. Telegraphic Connection to Kuwait.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence related to the establishment of a wire connection between Kuwait and the Bushire-Fao cable. The correspondence is mainly about the site where the wireless telegraph station at Kuwait would be, the measurements, and the cost. In 1914 construction started, and in 1916 the wireless station opened at Kuwait. The file also contains correspondence about surveying work taking place around Kuwait, as well as correspondence about the recruitment of a surveyor to undertake the work.The file includes an introductory booklet (folios 256-269) under the title, ‘The Indo-European Telegraph Department’, written by Maurice G Simpson, Director-in-Chief, Indo-European Telegraph Department, and published in 1928.The main correspondence is between the following: the Political Agency, Kuwait; the Foreign Department for the Government of India; the British Residency and Consulate General, Bushire; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Office, Basra; and the Basra Survey Party.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 272; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 1-271 and ff 3-80; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
8. 'File 33/3 II Routine Correspondence with Cable & Wireless Ld., BAHRAIN'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence on matters of routine administration between the Political Agency, Bahrain and Cable and Wireless Limited, Bahrain.The main correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Officer-in-Charge (later Manager), Cable and Wireless, Bahrain; and other members of staff of Cable and Wireless.The correspondence covers: the quality of the service provided by Cable and Wireless; interruptions to the service; registration of the Agency's telegraphic address; staff changes; correspondence with the Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (Charles Dalrymple Belgrave) concerning difficulties caused by the tethering of camels near the company's aerial; and employee matters.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 64; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-49; these numbers are also written in pencil but are not circled.
9. 'File 33/3 [16/2] Correspondence with the Wireless Station etc.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence concerning the radio (referred to earlier in the file as the wireless) station, Bahrain. The station was initially run by the Indo-European Telegraph Department (a department of the Government of India), but from 1931 responsibility passed to a public company, Imperial and International Communications Limited (from 1934 known as Cable and Wireless Limited). The main correspondents are the Political Agent, Bahrain, and the Officer-in-Charge of the radio station. There is also some correspondence from the Government of Bahrain.The papers cover issues such as: interruptions to wireless traffic; complaints about the service; the ownership of wireless sets by individuals; installation of telephone lines; maintenance of the telegraph system; the title deeds for the land on which the radio station was built; the provision of drinking water for employees at the station; recruitment of staff; notices and circulars; arrangements for Christmas and New Year greetings telegrams; and special arrangements caused by the Second World War (1939-45).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 333; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional mixed foliation/pagination sequences are also present in parallel between ff 311-327; these numbers are written in a combination of pencil and blue crayon, but are not circled.
10. 'File 33/6 Notices from Cable & Wireless Ld'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and notices concerning telegraph services issued to the Political Agent, Bahrain by Cable and Wireless Limited, Bahrain. The correspondence and notices are mainly issued by the Officer-in-Charge (later Manager), Cable and Wireless, Bahrain.The papers cover: information on telegraph communication with parts of Europe and other countries all around the world; rates charged; interruptions to the service; and restrictions on the service.The date range gives the covering dates of all the correspondence and notes in the file.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 46; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers.
11. Report by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Frederick John Goldsmid on the route of the proposed telegraph line from Isfahan to Gwadar
- Description:
- Abstract: The report No. 27 of 1866, dated 17 March 1866, addresses the question of a complete Land Line of Telegraph and submits to government propositions on the question based on Goldsmid's recent travels.There are numerous enclosures to the report:Report by Major Robert Murdoch Smith, 7 March 1866, submitted to Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick John Goldsmid of the journey they undertook from Teheran [Tehran] to Bam and his own subsequent journey on to Bunder Abbass [Bandar Abbas]. The report documents their examination of the country between Ispahan [Isfahan] and Gwadur [Gwadar] with a view to continuing and ultimately uniting the Persian and Mekran Coast Land Lines of Telegraph. (ff. 5-12)Enclosed with Major Smith's report is a copy of another report submitted by W P Johnston, British Agent at Busreh [Basra] on the country between Jashk [Jask] and Sooruf on the Southern Coast of Beloochistan [Baluchistan]. (ff. 13-14)Lieutenant-Colonel Goldsmid also enclosed a copy of his letter to Major Smith, No.1 of 1866 written 20 January 1866, given to Major Smith at the point they travelled in separate directions in order to undertake their examinations and including, for him, a copy of his own official notes and data relating to his journey from Sabristan to Chonbar via Bampur. (ff. 15-22)Map showing the boundary of Persia as it had traditionally been assumed and as it had now been ascertained [boundary with India], April 1866. (f. 23 )Map showing Lieutenant-Colonel Goldsmid and Major Smith's route from Ispahan to Choubar [Chombar] and Bunder Abbas, April 1866. (f. 24)The report is accompanied by a cover note from the Indo-European Telegraph Department, 25 April 1866, instructing that copies of Lieutenant-Colonel Goldsmid's report be forwarded to the Government of India and the British Government. On the reverse of the cover note are handwritten instructions, No.1232 of 1866, from Charles Gonne, dated 2 May 1866, instructing that a copy of the report be forwarded to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lewis Pelly).Physical description: The file has been foliated in the top right hand corner of the recto of each folio with a pencil number enclosed in a circle.
12. Report No. 73 of 1864 by Lewis Pelly on his journey from Bandar Abbas to Cape Jask reconnoitering the route of the proposed telegraph line
- Description:
- Abstract: Report by Lewis Pelly on his journey from Bunder Abbass [Bandar Abbas] through Minow [Minab] to Cape Jashk [Jask] to examine what effect the shore-line of the area and the nature of the local inhabitants may have on the proposed extension of the telegraph line through the region.The report gives details on the layout of the land including distances, land types, with accompanying maps for illustration, locations of local populations and existing uses of the land for trade and agriculture. Pelly also includes assessments of the attitudes of local tribes and inhabitants to the construction of the line through their areas and incidental notes on how settlements came to be located where they are and how they acquired their names.Following on from Pelly's report there is a report by Dr William Henry Colvill, Civil Surgeon at Bushire, which contains detailed geological information on the rock formations of the proposed route, with information on rock samples that were taken. Also included in the report are rough indications of average temperatures during the day-time and physical descriptions of the peoples living along the route.The report concludes with detailed information on Pelly's itinerary, estimates of revenue, population for the areas travelled through, lists of villages, and information on existing caravan routes.A sketch map which accompanies the report can be found at Mss Eur F126/106Physical description: Foliation: The report has been foliated in the top right corner of the recto of each folio, using a pencil number enclosed in a circle.The report also has its own original printed pagination which appears at the top centre of both sides of each page, numbering 1-19.
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