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49. ‘Sketch Map of Kuwait and Neighbouring Country’
- Description:
- Abstract: Imprint:Simla Drawing Office, February [19]28.Distinctive Features:Relief shown by hachures.An outline map no. 5289 marked ‘For Official Use only’ showing the north-eastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula with boundaries indicated by dash-dot lines and neutral zones marked. Shows Basrah railway line.Physical description: Dimensions:208 x 172 mm, on sheet 343 x 204 mm
50. 'Persian Gulf Gazetteer. Part I. Historical and Political Materials. Précis of Koweit Affairs, 1896-1904'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume, stamped ‘Secret’ on the front cover and frontispiece, is part 1 (historical and political materials) of a précis of Kuwait (spelt Koweit throughout) affairs for the years 1896-1904. It was prepared by Jerome Antony Saldanha of the Bombay Provincial Civil Service, and published in 1904 by the Government of India Foreign Department, Simla, India.The volume includes a preface (folio 4), list of contents (folio 5) and list of appendices (folio 6). The sections listed in the contents run as follows:I: Brief History of Koweit from circa 1716 to 1896 A.D.;II: Murder of Mahomed bin Subah [Muḥammad bin Ṣabāḥ] and his brother Jarrah [Jarrāḥ bin Ṣabāḥ] by Mubarak [Mubārak] and Mubarak’s succession, 1896;III: (1) Proposed Turkish Quarantine at Koweit, (2) views of the Government of India and India Office;IV: Haripasa Piracy case. Warning to Sheikh of Koweit. Question of Protectorate over Koweit raised - 1895-1896;V: Threatened attack of Sheikhs Jasim bin Thani [Jāsim bin Muḥammad Āl Thānī] and Yusuf bin Ibrahim [Yūsuf bin Ibrāhīm] on Koweit. Question of Protectorate over Koweit discussed 1897-98;VI: (1) Movements of Turkish troops towards Koweit, (2) Russian intrigues, (3) Question of Protectorate over Koweit further discussed;VII: Proposed British Protectorate over Koweit. Agreement with the Sheikh of Koweit, December 1898 - May 1899;VIII: Porte's complaints against British proceedings at Koweit as infrigement of quarantine regulations, May 1899;IX: (1) Threatened attack on Koweit by the Turks, (2) Defence of Koweit, February - March 1899;X: (1) Question of status of the Sheikh of Koweit, (2) Turkish activity in the neighbourhood, (3) Imposition of customs duty by Sheikh, March - June 1899;XI: Turkish attempts to exercise soverign rights on Koweit, by appointing harbour master and opening a custom house. A forward Turkish policy advocated. The British Government's protest. July - September 1899;XII: Sheikh Mubarak's diffidence in the British and desire of Persian protection. September - October 1899;XIII: Appointment of Muhsin [Muḥsin] Pasha as Vasli of Basrah. Change of policy inaugurated. Turkish Decoration for Sheikh Mubarak 1899;XIV: Visit of the German Railway Commission to Koweit and their scheme to make Katham their Railway's Terminus, January 1900;XV: Proposal to make Koweit a Port of call for Mail steamers July 1900 - June 1901;XVI: Threatened hostilities between the Sheikh of Koweit and Amir of Nejd [Najd];XVII: Renewal of hostilities between the Sheikh of Koweit and the Amir of Nejd , December 1900 - May 1901;XVIII: (1) Ibn Rashid [Ibn Rasīd] seeks British protection, (2) Sheikh Mubarak asks for assumption of permanent British protectorate over Koweit, May - June 1901;XIX: (1) Threatened attack on Koweit by Amir of Nejd and the Turks, (2) Measures for defence of Koweit, (3) Attempt to settle difference between the Sheikh and Amir amicably, July - October 1901;XX: Question of defence of Koweit by sea and land, 1899-1901;XXI: Question of discontinuance of the use of the Turkish flag at Koweit, August - September 1901;XXII: Attempt to take the Sheikh of Koweit to Constantinople, November and December 1901;XXIII: Alarm at Koweit and Landing of British Guns, December 1901 - January 1902;XXIV: Prohibition of exports to Koweit from Turkish territory and movements of the Amir of Nejd, December 1901 - January 1902;XXV: Dispute about the Fao [al-Fāw] Estates, December 1901 - January 1902;XXVI: Occupation of Um Kasr [Umm Qaṣr], Bubyan [Būbīyān] Island and Subbiyah [al-Ṣubīyah] by the Turks, January - March 1902;XXVII: Complaints against the proceedings of the British Officer and the Sheikh of Koweit, March 1902;XXVIII: Sheikh Mubarak's offers of reconciliation with the Porte, March 1902;XXIX: Arrest of agent of Sheikh Mubarak at Basrah and his imprisonment, May - December 1902;XXX: Further movements of Ibn Rashid (2) Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal bin Sa‘ūd] in the field again, and captures Riadh [Riyadh], January, November 1902;XXXI: (1) Fear of Renewal of hostilities between Ibn Rashid and Sheikh Mubarak, (2) The Sheikh warned not to involved himself in difficulties with Nejd or the Turks, (3) Application of the Sheikh for guns, August - October 1902;XXXII: Threatened attack on Koweit from Mubarak's nephews and Sheikh Yusuf-el-Ibrahim. Lapwing case. September 1902 - January 1903;XXXIII: Ibn Rashid near Koweit and Sheikh Mubarak's movements, December 1902 - February 1903;XXXIV: Fao Estates' dispute, February 1903-04;XXXV: Importance of Khor Abdulla [Khawr ‘Abdullāh] as a future Railway terminus, etc. 1904;XXXVI: Recent movements of Ibn Rashid, January 1903 - March 1904;XXXVII: Montefik Arabs [al-Muntafiq] seek Russian protection, (2) Revolt of Sadun [Sa‘dūn] Pasha;XXXVIII: Advance of a loan made to Sheikh Mubarak, March - May 1904;XXXIX: Opening of a British post office at Koweit, 1901-1904;XL: Appointment of British Agent at Koweit. June 1899 - August 1903;XLI: (1) Turkish aid to Ibn Rashid, (2) Proposed British protest, (3) Appointment of Political Agent at Koweit, April - October 1904.The Appendices are as follows:A: Certain non-official reports about Koweit;B: Genealogical Table of Koweit chiefs;C: Note by Sir William Leo-Warner, dated 23 June 1898;D: Agreement with Sheikh Mubarak, January 1899;E: Communciation in Constantinople in regard to the proposal to make Koweit terminus of the Baghdad Railway, April 1900;F: Proposal made by Sir N O'Connor to advise Sheikh Mubarak to keep quiet, February 1901;G: (1) Correspondence in Europe regarding the proposed assumption of protectorate over Koweit, (2) misunderstanding between the Government of India and His Majesty's Government as regards the former's attitude in the matter, May - June 1901;H: Communication in London and Constantinople on Koweit affairs, August - September 1901;I: Communications in Europe about Turkish occupation of Um Kasr, etc. March 1902;J: Notes underlying letter to the Political Resident, Persian Gulf, No. 2918.E.A., dated 7 September 1904.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
51. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/13-II VOL. D.177. KUWAIT NEUTRAL ZONE'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard C Fowle, Charles G Prior); the Political Agent at Kuwait (Gerald S de Gaury, Arnold C Galloway, Tom Hickinbotham); the India Office (John P Gibson, Roland T Peel); the Foreign Office (Lacy Baggallay, Charles W Baxter); His Majesty’s Minister in Jedda [Jiddah] (Sir Reader Bullard); Petroleum Concessions Limited (John Skliros, Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, Frank Holmes); the Shaikh of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ) and the Arabian Americian Oil Company (ARAMCO, formerly the Standard Oil Company of California (SOCAL) and the Californian American Standard Oil Company (CASOC)).The correspondence centres on interest in a possible oil concession for the Kuwait-Saudi neutral zone and in particular the Shaikh of Kuwait’s share of the concession, which had yet to be awarded, and the Saudi Government’s share which was taken up by ARAMCO in July 1939.The early correspondence relates to World War II during which both the Eastern Gulf Oil Company and Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) express interest in the Shaikh of Kuwait’s share, but to which the Shaikh consistently responds that he is not interested in discussing the question as he hopes that he may be able to regain control of the whole of the zone should the King of Saudi Arabia, Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd], pass away. This situation continues until 1946 when the Shaikh decides to begin considering offers for a neutral zone concession and invites various companies including Petroleum Concessions Limited, the Eastern Gulf Oil Company, ARAMCO and the Burmah Oil Company to compete for the concession.Other matters discussed in the volume include:a proposed visit by Harold and Violet Dickson to Ibn Saud December 1938 which was eventually cancelled;a report from His Majesty’s Minister at Jedda regarding discussions held between Stephen Hemsley Longrigg of Petroleum Concessions Limited and the Minister of Finance to the Saudi Arabian Government regarding concessions for the unalloted areas of Saudi Arabia, after which PCL concluded they were not prepared to bid for owing to the preference rights given by the Government to the Californian Arabian Standard Oil Company;a visit paid by Shaikh Yusuf Yasin [Yūsuf Yāsīn] of the Saudi Arabian Government to Sir Reader Bullard, His Majesty’s Minister at Jedda regarding a possible oil concession for the Kuwait-Saudi neutral zone in which the Saudi Arabian Government’s growing need for money was noted along with concerns that the Saudi Government seemed to think British and American Oil interests were conspiring against them to keep offers low.confirmation that the Californian Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC) had taken up their right to a concession for all unalloted areas of Saudi Arabia, including the Saudi Arabian share of the neutral zone. The concession agreement was ratified in July 1939 and published in the Umm-al-Qura newspaper.a report of a visit made by Colonel Harold Richard Patrick Dickson of the Kuwait Oil Company to Abraq al Kabrit [Abraq al Kibrīt] to see CASOC’s drilling operations and obtain water samples.Correspondence between Major Frank Holmes, Adviser to the Shaikh of Kuwait on Oil Matters and the Shaikh of Kuwait in which oil in the neutral zone is discussed along with possible arrangements for transit oil from Basra to pass through Kuwait and the likely financial benefits to the Shaikh of such an arrangement.discussion between the Political Agent at Bahrain and the Political Resident regarding the outstanding Saudi Arabia boundary questions and the appropriate time to address the issues. The boundary questions being discussed included the Kuwait Neutral Zone; Jebel Naksh [Nakhsh] and Khor-el-Odeid [Khawr al ‘Udayd] which Saudi Arabia had made claims to but which the British Government considered to belong to Qatar and Abu Dhabi respecitively; and the boundaries between Trucial Coast States, Muscat and Saudi Arabia and how best to draw boundary lines between them, including Saudi Arabian claims to the Baraimi [Al Buraymī] Oasis, and the British Government’s opinion that any boundary settlement needed to ensure the Baraimi Oasis remained part of Abu Dhabi territory.rumours of an intended meeting between Ibn Saud and the Shaikh of Kuwait at Gaisun [Al Qayşūmah]; and further reports that the Shaikh of Kuwait, Shaikh Abdullah bin Isa Al Khalifah [ʻAbd Allāh bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah] [(brother of the Shaikh of Bahrain) and Mohammad Tabriz bin Abdul Aziz bin Saud [Muḥammad bin ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Āl Sa‘ūd] (a son of Ibn Saud) had all been in the Gaisun area and had corresponded but that Ibn Saud had not travelled there.a request by the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO) to undertake a hydrographic survey of the coast of the neutral zone in order to locate a harbour site suitable for unloading heavy equipment for the trans-Arabian pipeline, and the granting of permission by both the Saudi Arabian Government and the Shaikh of Kuwait for the work to be undertaken.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 244-263.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 267; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-243; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
52. 'CONFIDENTIAL 86/28 - I Vol. D. 173 KUWAIT SULPHUR'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Charles Geoffrey Prior), the Political Agent at Kuwait (Arnold C Galloway, Tom Hickinbotham, Cornelius J Pelly, Gordon N Jackson), the India Office (John Percival Gibson, Roland Tennyson Peel), the Shaikh of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ) and the Gulf Oil Company (Ralph O Rhoades, William Smellie, A E Angus) regarding negotiation for a sulphur concession in Kuwait. The concession was granted to the newly formed Eastern Gulf Oil Company in June 1942. A copy of the concession agreement in Arabic and English can be found at folios 118-138 and the political agreement at folios 149-150.Later correspondence discusses the commencement of exploration work in 1944 and the decision taken by the Company in 1945 to discontinue their search as exploration had been unsuccessful.Also discussed within the volume is the value and importance of sulphur both for wartime military requirements and for general trade, along with the need to establish new supplies to meet wartime needs.A request for geological data about the sulphur found in Kuwait made by the External Affairs Department of the Government of India is also included.The volumes also contains correspondence with Major M J Smith of the Middle East Supply Centre in which wartime supplies such as sulphur and sugar are discussed along with the Centre’s desire to understand how trade operated in the Persian Gulf and how decisions such as the imposition of export licences on Iraq and Persia might affect the region.A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 202-218. The last folio of the file notes contains a query dated six months after the correspondence in the volume ends, and discusses the question of payments made to the Shaikh of Kuwait under the sulphur concession agreement.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 221; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
53. 'Confidential D 107 86/5-I Eastern and General Syndicate Ltd. - Saudi Arabia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence to and from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Trenchard Craven Fowle, Percy Gordon Loch), Political Agent at Bahrain (Percy Gordon Loch), and Political Agent at Kuwait (Harold Richard Patrick Dickson) regarding matters in Saudi Arabia and their affect, particularly on Kuwait and Bahrain. The main topic of discussion being a concession in Hasa, Saudi Arabia which was contested by the Standard Oil Company of California and the Iraq Petroleum Company, and was awarded to Standard Oil in July 1933.The correspondence, primarily between HM's Minister at Jedda (Sir Andrew Ryan) and the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir John Simon) includes details of the negotiations and translations of the concession agreement which was published in Umm-al-Qurain July 1933. Also discussed are attempts to obtain information about the special agreement between Standard Oil and the Sa'udi Arab Government which was not published and which contained details of the exact values of the concession, the area covered by it, and a clause relating to the Kuwait-Najd neutral zone concession. Later correspondence also discusses the progress being made by Standard Oil in developing their concession.Other matters discussed in the file include:correspondence from the Political Agent at Kuwait regarding rumours that the Shaikh of Kuwait (Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ) travelled to Najd to meet with Ibn Saud (‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd), King of Saudi Arabia, or one of his close advisers to discuss matters including a potential alleviation of the blockade on Kuwait and their joining forces in regards to the oil concession agreement in the neutral zone (ff 6-17);a memorandum written by the Petroleum Department about Petroleum in Arabia which covers the topics: Petroleum prospects in Arabia, interested or potentially interested companies, past concessions affecting Saudi Arabia, the present position. The memorandum includes brief summaries of all the key oil companies and interested parties in oil concessions in Arabia (ff 90-91);correspondence regarding the prohibition on private planes flying to Bahrain and a request by the Standard Oil Company of California to use Bahrain as their base of operations during their survey of Hasa which was denied, and the eventual decision to allow Standard Oil's aeroplane to land at Bahrain should there be a serious medical emergency involving either their staff or those of the Mesopotamia-Persia corporation (ff 112, 131-133, 155-156, 173-175);a record of an interview which Frederick Charles Starling of the Mines Department had with Edmund William Janson of the Eastern and General Syndicate Limited in which Eastern and General's interest in a possible concession in Asir was discussed along with their activities in regard to previous concessions (ff 147-149).A series of file notes which were maintained as a record of the correspondence in the volume can be found at folios 179-187.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover, and terminates at the inside back cover; these numbers arewritten in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 6-192; these numbers are also written in pencil, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence, but they are not circled.
54. 'Journey of certain Palestinian and Syrian Arabs to Saudi Arabia via Kuwait: question of grant of transit visas'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence relating to the issuing of transit visas for Kuwait for individuals from Palestine and Syria. The file includes deciphered telegrams on the subject, exchanged between Sir Basil Cochrane Newton (HM Ambassador to Iraq) and Cyril Prior (Political Resident in the Persian Gulf), and also contains a draft letter from Roland Tennyson Peel (Secretary for the Political Department in the India Office).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 7; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
55. 'Oil Jetty-Mina el Ahmedi.' Photographer: Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:Image of the oil jetty at Mina Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait.Inscriptions:Below image, in pen: ‘'Oil Jetty-Mina el Ahmedi’Below image, in pencil: ‘496’Physical description: Dimensions:54 x 78 mmCondition:The image is in good condition.Foliation:‘496’Process:Silver gelatin print
56. 'Final Record of a Meeting Held at the Foreign Office on Thursday October 5th [1933] to Discuss Relations between His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom and the Sheikh of Koweit'
- Description:
- Abstract: This is a printed memorandum containing a record of a meeting held at the Foreign Office on 5 October 1933 to discuss relations between Great Britain and the Sheikh of Koweit [Kuwait], Aḥmad bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ, particularly in regards to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Aziz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Āl Sa‘ūd]. The following were present at the meeting: Mr George William Rendel (Chair), Eastern Department of the Foreign Office; Mr K R Johnston, Foreign Office; Sir Andrew Ryan, His Majesty's Minister at Jeddah; Lieutenant-Colonel Trenchard Craven William Fowle, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Mr John Gilbert Laithwaite, India Office.The memorandum also includes two appendices: 'Appendix A. Note by Sir Andrew Ryan. Ibn Saud's attitude towards Kowait', dated 16 August 1933 (folios 14-17); and 'Appendix B. Provisional Note. Obligations of His Majesty's Government towards the Sheikh of Koweit', 11 October 1933, by Sir John Gilbert Laithwaite (folios 18-25), which includes sections entitled 'A. Nature of the undertakings given', 'B. Constitution of the undertakings given to the Sheikh', and 'Conclusion', with references to various correspondence in the right hand margin.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio, and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: The volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
57. 'GENEALOGY OF THE SHAIKHS OF KUWAIT'
- Description:
- Abstract: The document (marked 'C.L.R.'s copy', 'Revised June 1962') consists of a chronological list of the rulers of Kuwait (1756 to date); a list of the Kuwait Council of Ministers; and genealogical tables of the descendants of thirteen shaikhs.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 21; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is present between ff 1-20 and is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
58. 'Oil flare-Ahmadi.' Photographer: Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:Image of an oil flare at Ahmadi [Al-Ahmadi], Kuwait from a distance.Inscriptions:Below image, in pen: ‘Oil flare-Ahmadi'Below image, in pencil: ‘497’Physical description: Dimensions:54 x 78 mmCondition:The image is in good condition with some slight curling at left edge.Foliation:‘497’Process:Silver gelatin print
59. 'Constellation at Kuwait.' Photographer: Arthur Edward Broadbent Parsons
- Description:
- Abstract: Genre/Subject Matter:Image of a Lockheed Constellation aircraft on a runway at Kuwait.Inscriptions:Below image, in pen: 'Constellation at Kuwait'Below image, in pencil: ‘498’Physical description: Dimensions:54 x 78 mmCondition:The image is in good condition.Foliation:‘498’Process:Silver gelatin print
60. ‘Air navigation regulations for civil aircraft for the territory of Koweit, and conditions governing the use of the aerodrome at Koweit, approved by His Excellency Sheikh Sir Ahmad al-Jabir As-Sabah, KCIE, CSI, Ruler of Koweit.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Air navigation regulations (PZ 4125/34) for civil aircraft flying over and landing at Kuwait [spelt Koweit throughout], dated 23 May 1934, with conditions governing the use of the aerodrome at Kuwait, approved by the ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Aḥmad al-Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ.The air navigation regulations cover: authorisation for aircraft flying over or landing in Kuwait; requirements for aircraft registration, certification, personnel and documentation; submission of licenses by aircraft personnel on the demand of the Kuwait authorities; compliance of aircraft with lights and signal regulations, as prescribed in the Convention for Regulation of Aerial Navigation (13 October 1919); access to aircraft by authorised personnel; submission of visitors to procedure prescribed by the Public Health Administration on arrival and departure; notification of intended arrival and departure to the Customs, Public Health and Police Administrations; passport and visa requirements for passengers; declaration of laws applying to the import and export of goods by land and sea being equally applicable to those goods arriving and departing by air; use of law in the event of contravention of regulations.Conditions governing the use of the aerodrome at Kuwait cover: no acceptance of liability for damage or loss of aircraft, goods or mail, or injury to passengers and aircraft personnel; landing and accommodation fees; fuel and lubricant supplies and their charges. Under the conditions are two schedules: 1) landing fees, assessed according to the maximum weight authorised by the aircraft’s airworthiness certificate; 2) housing fees, assessed according to the span and maximum length of the aircraft. An appendix includes text for the form used for the special authorisation of aircraft to land in and fly over Kuwait.At the top of the first page there two reference numbers, created using a combination of black ink and red stamp: ‘B 441’ and ‘D 289’. The latter of these reference numbers has been struck through with black ink.Physical description: Foliation: The paper is foliated 1 to 2, using circled pencil numbers in the top-right corner of both rectos.