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1. ‘I/6 Saudi-Arabia Miscellaneous’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and papers relating to miscellaneous affairs in Saudi Arabia, as reported to or by the Political Agent at Kuwait:In 1937, the formation of the Nejdi Motor Car Company, a concession set up to convey pilgrims between Nejd, Hasa [al-Aḥsā’], and the Hejaz. Papers include a translation of an announcement of the formation of the new company, published in Saut al Hejazon 15 Rabi’ al-awwal 1356 (corresponding to 25 May 1937) (ff 2-5).In November 1939, the distribution and use of the Saudi riyal (ff 7-9).In December 1939, the status of three islands in the Persian Gulf (Fasht al Jārim, Khor Fasht [Khawr Fasht], and Jazirat Chaschus [Kaskūs]), to which the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) had sent a technical party (ff 12-14).In December 1939, reports on water supplies for agriculture at Kharj (ff 16-21).affairs in Saudi Arabia during the Second World War, including food shortages and reportedly ineffective food controls (ff 29-41).A translation of Saudi Arabian Nationality Regulation No. 3, originally published by the Government of Saudi Arabia in Umm al Quraon 24 Shawwāl 1357 (equivalent to 16 December 1938) (ff 43-46).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 47; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-46; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
2. ‘Works required to supply Aden with Water’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; the Military Board of Bombay; Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Waddington, Superintending and Executive Engineer at Aden; James Brown, Engineer; and the Government of India.The item concerns the proposals to supply water to the isthmus of Aden. The two proposals involve supplying water through a tunnel or by a military road. The advantages and disadvantages of both proposals are discussed, including details of the machinery and the equipment required, and the cost.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 6349, Collection No 3’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 335, and terminates at f 379 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
3. 'File 35/5 Development of Grazing Grounds (Supplies from Persia)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding the possibility of developing agricultural and grazing land in Bahrain.The Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) was commissioned by Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain to complete a report on Bahrain's water resources, and the file contains both this report (ff 15-29) and correspondence related to it. The BAPCO report on Bahrain's water resources contains a map of the country showing the distribution of artesian water wells (folio 18).Some of the file's correspondence relates to a visit made to Bahrain in March 1949 by Sir Herbert Stewart, Agricultural Adviser to the British Middle East Office. A report written by Stewart after his visit entitled 'The Possibilities of Agricultural Development in Bahrain' is also contained in the file (ff 41-47).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 59; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
4. ‘Gazetteer of Persia, Part III, including Fārs, Lūristān, Arabistān, Khūzistān, Yazd, Karmānshāh, Ardalān, Kurdistān’
- Description:
- Abstract: The third of four volumes comprising a Gazetteer of Persia.The volume, which is marked Confidential, covers Fārs, Lūristān [Lorestān], Arabistān, Khūzistān [Khūzestān], Yazd, Karmānshāh [Kermānshāh], Ardalān, and Kurdistān. The frontispiece states that the volume was revised and updated in April 1885 in the Intelligence Branch of the Quartermaster General’s Department in India, under the orders of Major General Sir Charles Metcalfe Macgregor, Quartermaster-General in India. Publication took place in Calcutta [Kolkata] by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, in 1885.The following items precede the main body of the gazetteer:a note by Lieutenant-Colonel Mark Sever Bell, Deputy Quartermaster General, Intelligence Branch, requesting inaccuracies, omissions and suggestions for the gazetteer be reported to the Deputy Quartermaster General;a second note, dated 26 November 1885, describing the geographical scope of the four volumes comprising the Gazetteer of Persia, and also making reference to the system of transliteration used (Hunterian) and authorities consulted;a preface, containing a summary of the geographical boundaries of the Gazetteer, a description of the Persian coast of the Persian Gulf, an abridged account of trade in the Persian Gulf for the year 1884, and a description of telegraphs in the regions described by the Gazetteer.The gazetteer includes entries for human settlements (villages, towns and cities), geographic regions, tribes, significant geographic features (such as rivers, canals, mountains, valleys, passes), and halting places on established routes. Figures for latitude, longitude and elevation are indicated where known.Entries for human settlements provide population figures, water sources, location relative to other landmarks, climate. Entries for larger towns and cities can also include tabulated meteorological statistics (maximum and minimum temperatures, wind direction, remarks on cloud cover and precipitation), topographical descriptions of fortifications, towers, and other significant constructions, historical summaries, agricultural, industrial and trade activities, government.Entries for tribes indicate the size of the tribe (for example, numbers of men, or horsemen), and the places they inhabit. Entries for larger tribes give tabulated data indicating tribal subdivisions, numbers of families, encampments, summer and winter residences, and other remarks.Information sources are provided at the end of each gazetteer entry, in the form of an author or source’s surname, italicised and bracketed.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 341; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume has two printed pagination systems, the first of which uses Roman numerals and runs from I to XIII (ff 3-10), while the second uses Arabic numerals and runs from 1 to 653 (ff 12-338).
5. 'Memorandum on the Note of the Persian Government, dated 22nd February 1906, embodying their objections to the Seistan Water Award.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The memorandum concerns the Seistan Water Award [Sīstān] arbitrated by Britain between Persia and Afghanistan; the award outlines the proportion of water from the River Helmond [Helmand] to be allotted to irrigation on both sides of the river. It is authored by Arthur Henry McMahon — the British commissioner appointed to draft the award — and includes his opinion on the legitimacy of these complaints.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at f 13, and terminates at f 20, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
6. 'File 9/9 Bahrain Reforms. Bahrain Water Supply'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence, copies of contracts and other items related to the sinking of water wells in Bahrain, and the institution of a municipal water supply to the districts of Manama and Muharraq. The principal correspondents in the file are the Political Agent at Bahrain (Major Clive Daly until September 1926, Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Barrett thereafter), Major Frank Holmes, representative of the Eastern and General Syndicate Limited, F. Madgwick, geologist, and Shaikh Ḥamad bin ‘Īsá Āl Khalīfah, deputy ruler of Bahrain.After the forced abdication of Shaikh ‘Īsá bin ‘Alī Āl Khalīfah in 1923, public works projects in Bahrain, such as the sinking of artesian wells for the municipal water supply, were able to go ahead under the instigation of Shaikh Ḥamad (folios 28-30). The Eastern and General Syndicate Limited (London), represented by Major Frank Holmes, was awarded the contract to sink two wells in Manama and Muharraq to depths of 600 feet, in search of fresh water. The total expected cost of this first phase was 100,000 rupees (folio 5). A total of 300,000 rupees had been set aside by the Bahrain Government for the implementation of a water supply in Bahrain (folio 76). The Manama well struck good-quality water at 200 feet, and although Shaikh Ḥamad was keen to continue drilling to 600 feet, Holmes convinced the Shaikh against further drilling (folios 63-68). In the wake of the first two wells, water tanks capable of holding thirty tonnes of water were installed, and new contracts between Holmes and the Bahrain Government drawn up for the sinking of a further twelve wells, with the installation of the necessary pipework and tanks (folios 79-80, 82-83).A minor diplomatic incident was avoided when, in December 1924, the Baghdad Timesreported that Holmes was travelling to Bahrain with drilling equipment. The Secretary of State for the Colonies wrote to the Resident, reminding him to in turn remind Shaikh Ḥamad that the British Government recognised the Anglo-Persian Oil Company's exclusive right to negotiate concessions for the exploratory drilling of oil in Bahrain (folio 39). The Resident replied to the High Commissioner in Baghdad that Holmes was interested only in sinking wells for water (folio 42). A later disagreement in 1927 arose between Holmes and the Bahrain merchant Khalil Kanoo, over the sinking of water wells in Bahrain. Holmes, who had by this point signed a concession to drill for oil in the state, objected to Kanoo's proposals to sink his own water wells in Manama (folios 108-14).Physical description: Foliation: The volume is foliated from the front cover to the inside back cover, using circled pencil notes in the top-right corner (but in some cases the top-centre) of each recto. The following foliation anomalies occur: 1A-1F, 81A, 81B, 84A, 84B, 111A, 111B.The following folios are fold-outs: folios 2, 4, 5, 14, 15, 23, 28-30, 32-34, 36, 37, 49-54, 70, 76, 90, 94, 104, 116.
7. 'File 19/116 VIII (C 34) Bahrain Miscellaneous'
- Description:
- Abstract: The documents contained in this file cover a diverse range of topics. The file includes - in the following order - letters concerning water boring operations in Bahrain (1925/1926), a report of an assassination attempt against Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (1926), a petition to the Political Agent from Sunni and Shia inhabitants of Bahrain (1926), a letter regarding Shaikh Hamad's desire to visit Abdullah bin Jasim Al Thani in Qatar (1927), a list showing the quantity and value of foreign goods imported into Bahrain in 1927, discussions regarding the granting of additional land in Bahrain to Mespers, The Mesopotamian-Persian Trading Corporation (1928), reports concerning the Persian school in Bahrain (1928), a letter from the Political Agent in Bahrain to the Political Resident in Bushire that discusses several matters (1929), correspondence that discusses the distinction between Shaikh Hamad's personal flag and the official state flag of Bahrain (1930), an intelligence report on the Qusaibi family of Riyadh (1931) and a letter about the implementation of a 10 percent cut to the personal allowances of the Al Khalifa family (1931).Physical description: Unbound, loose pages in a folder. Foliation starts on the first page of the file. The foliation numbers are written in pencil and circled. They appear in the top right corner of each recto. A previous foliation system runs from folio 3 to folio 8 but has been crossed out. An additional, inconsistent, foliation system appears in pencil and blue crayon, starting on folio 10.
8. 'File 19/252 Bahrain Water Supply'
- Description:
- Abstract: The documents in this file are all related to the natural water supply of Bahrain.They include two detailed surveys of the island's water supply, correspondence concerning the status of Bahrain's artesian wells, concerns about the wastage of water in gardens owned by Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (and other members of the Al Khalifa family) and more general correspondence regarding the usage of water in Bahrain.Physical description: Previously a bound volume, its sheets have been unbound and are now loose. Foliation starts with 1A for the file cover. The first page of the volume is 1B. It continues to the last page. Foliation in pencil numbers in top right corner of recto. Additional foliation has been rubbed out but is still faintly visible. Further foliation starts with 31 on f.21 and continues to f.27. It is then also rubbed out but traces remain visible. Due to foliation error, we have f.36A and f.36B instead of f.36.
9. 'File 53/47 (D 43) Kuwait Water Supply'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file contains correspondence between British officials following a request made by Shaikh Mubarak Al Sabah, the ruler of Kuwait, for the British authorities to ensure an adequate water supply to Kuwait (a copy of the letter is contained on folio 3).The correspondence includes discussions between British officials and Shaikh Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ and later in the volume, with Shaikh Sālim al-Mubārak Āl Ṣabāḥ.The file contains correspondence with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and a firm based in Mohammerah named Messrs Strick, Scott and Company concerning different options for increasing Kuwait's water supply and the logistics and costs of these options.Much of the correspondence concerns the construction of a water plant by Messrs Strick, Scott and Company and the numerous difficulties that the project faces.Physical description: Condition: A bound correspondence volume.Foliation: The file's foliation sequence commences at the title page and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, and can be found in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The file contains the following foliation errors: 1, 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D; 32 and 32A; 56, 56A and 56B; 90 and 90A; 128 and 128A, the file also contains the following foliation omissions: 5, 7 and 37.
10. ‘File 16/73 Development of Artesian Water in Muscat’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence in the file dated 1941 is the result of an enquiry from the Political Agent in Muscat (Captain Tom Hickinbotham) to the Political Agent in Bahrain (Major Reginald George Evelin William Alban), about the prospects for an artesian water supply at Muscat, or elsewhere on the Batinah Coast (folio 3). A second set of correspondence, dated 1946, concerns arrangements for a Petroleum Concessions Limited geologist to visit Muscat to assess the area. Aside from the Political Agents at Bahrain and Muscat, the other principal correspondent in the file is Ernest Vincent Packer, representing Petroleum Concessions Limited, and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 3-26; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
11. ‘File 16/21 Miscellaneous. Supply of drinking water for the Agency etc.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence relating to the supply of fresh water at the Political Agency in Bahrain. The file’s principal correspondents are: the Political Agent or Assistant Political Agent at Bahrain (numerous incumbents); the Clerk-in-Charge of the British Naval Base at Jufair [Al Jufayr]; the Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf [SNOPG] (Commodore Cosmo Moray Graham); the Commanders of various British vessels in the Persian Gulf Squadron (including HMS Fowey, HMS Deptford, HMS Bideford, HMS Shoreham).The bulk of the file is letters sent from the Political Agency, approximately on a weekly basis, requesting water from different sources. Between 1935 and 1938 requests were sent to British naval vessels at Bahrain, following an arrangement agreed between the Political Agent and the SNOPG. The naval vessels at Bahrain had on-board distilling plants, enabling them to produce their own drinking water. From 1938, requests for water were sent to the Clerk-in-Charge at the British naval base at Jufair.Wartime correspondence acknowledges anticipated and actual shortages in freshwater supplies. A note by the Political Agent (Hugh Weightman) dated 22 September 1939 details revised quantities and distribution of water at the Agency (f 209). Two pieces of correspondence from the SNOPG to the Political Agent, dated 24 August 1940 and 24 January 1942, note respectively the reduced water distillation capacity of British naval ships, and subsequent inability to continue supplying water to the Agency (f 263, f 304).Other papers in the file relate to:the Commandant of the Bahrain State Police’s displeasure at the use of his sepoys to convey water to the Agency (ff 2-4);requests for increases or decreases in water supply at the Agency, in response to visits by the Political Resident, or absences from the Agency of the Political Agent;water distribution lists for staff at the Agency (for example, f 243).The file notes at the end of the file (ff 307-329) offer further insight into policies and arrangements relating to water supply at the Agency, including distribution lists for Agency staff.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 330; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Two additional foliation sequences are also present in parallel between ff 2-301, and ff 308-328; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
12. 'File 8/21 Muscat State Affairs: Dependencies – Sur (Operations)'
- Description:
- Abstract: This file relates to two separate subjects. The first is the reported murder of Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Rawaf, a Saudi Arabian subject, by Beni Hasan tribesmen. The second is a trip to Sur, which was recently undertaken by the Political Agent and Consul at Muscat, Major Tom Hickinbotham. The correspondence includes a brief report by the Political Agent of his visit to Sur, as well as his description of a lake near the village of Ghail Shaab, which he highlights as a potential source of fresh water for visiting sea vessels.The Arabic language material consists of letters addressed to the Wali of Sur by Ali bin Abdullah al Hamood [Shaikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Hamudah, Emir of Ja'alan] and Suleiman bin Abdullah al-Rawaf, son of Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Rawaf.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 18; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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