Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the abduction and enslavement of a young man from Muscat, who was found working at Petroleum Concessions Limited’s (PCL) oilfields in Qatar, and attempts by the Political Agent and others, including Saleh Al Mana [Ṣāliḥ Āl Māni‘], a representative of the Sheik [Shaikh] of Qatar, to retrieve him from captivity. Principal correspondents in the file include: the Political Agent at Bahrain (Cornelius Pelly), Basil Henry le Riolet Lermitte, Manager for PCL, and Saleh Al Mana. The file includes a copy of a statement, dated 13 December 1948, made by the freed man at the Political Agency in Bahrain, which describes his abduction and captivity.Note: The Emir of Zakrit [Zekreet, also spelled Zekrit and Zikrit in this file] is accused of detaining the enslaved man (folios 3 and 5); however, in a letter to Pelly from a representative of Petroleum Concessions Ltd, Bahrain, it is indicated that this may have been a case of mistaken identity ('mistaken Emirs') and it was perhaps the Emir of Dukhan who held the enslaved man (see f 12).Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 22; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-18; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; James Stuart Fraser, Resident at Hyderabad; and W Harrison, Registrar of the Bombay Sudder Foujdaree Adawlut [Sadr Faujdari Adalat, criminal court]. It is the second in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94846, IOR/F/4/2066/94848, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, IOR/F/4/2066/94850, and IOR/F/4/2066/94851).The item concerns:The efforts of the British to persuade the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id] to introduce additional measures to prohibit the trade in enslaved people in his dominions, with correspondence between the representatives of the Imaum and the Earl of AberdeenThe extent of the trade in kidnapped children carried out between the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farkhunda ‘Ali Khan] and MuscatStatistics showing the number of people prosecuted for kidnapping children since 1827 and their sentences.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 73, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’, ‘Collection No 1 of No 4’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 339 and terminates at f 382, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. It is the second in a series of three items on Muscat and the slave trade (the others are IOR/F/4/913/25777 and IOR/F/4/914/25779). The principal correspondents are the governments of Bombay and Bengal; Robert Farquhar, Governor of Mauritius; Fairfax Moresby, Commander of HMS
Menai; the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat, [Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd].The item concerns:Moresby’s capture of the
Industry, a ship engaged in the slave tradeAgreements with the Imaum of Muscat about the slave trade and port duesFrench attempts to establish a new base at MadagascarThe state of the slave trade at ZanzibarNegotiation of the Moresby Treaty with the Imaum of Muscat, including a map of the Moresby Line (f 214)Explanations of the Moresby Treaty and the differences between the English and Arabic versionsCaptain William Fitzwilliam Owen’s survey expedition in HMS
Levenand his observations on the slave tradeLiberation of three Christian women from Bahrein, who had been kidnapped from Mangalore.Folios 151-257 of the item are duplicates of folios 86-187 of IOR/F/4/746/20306, with some minor insertions, omissions, and alteration of sequence. Folios 263-271 of the item are duplicates of folios 46-53 of IOR/F/4/785/21163.The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political No. 943, Draft 8, P.C. 423, [Season] 1827/28’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 148, and terminates at f 287, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. It is the fifth in a series of seven items about the Persian Gulf (the others are IOR/F/4/1912/81793, 81794, 81795, 81796, 81798, 81799). The correspondents are: the governments of Bombay and Madras; Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Thomas W Goodwyn, Acting Joint Magistrate in charge, Malabar; and Major Bruse [Bruce] Seton, Town Major at Bombay.The item concerns a five-year-old girl who was sold at Mangalore to a man from Ras-el Khymah [Ra's al-Khaymah] who took her to Muscat. It includes arrangements for repatriating her via Bombay [Mumbai].The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Col [Collection] 12, Draft 713, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3227, [Season 18]41’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 369 and terminates at f 387, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, memoranda, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden; Reuben Aslan, the Native Agent at Muscat; Captain Atkins Hamerton, Agent at Muscat on a mission to Zanzibar; Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Robertson, Officiating Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the first in a series of two items on the trade in enslaved people (the other is IOR/F/4/1990/88113).The item concerns primarily concerns information about the mechanisms of the trade in enslaved people across the whole of the Gulf, including Persia, detailing:The routes travelledNumbers of enslaved people transportedThe nationalities of tradersThe value of the tradeThe nationalities, prices, gender ratio, ages, and treatment of the enslaved people.The item also discusses:The specific role of boats from Scinde [Sindh] exporting enslaved people from Muscat to ScindeThe possibility of persuading the Ameer of Scinde [Mir Nasir Khan Talpur] to issue a proclamation prohibiting the trade in enslaved peopleThe possibility of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id] forbidding Joasmee [al-Qawasim] boats from visiting his African possessions to try to curb the trade in enslaved peopleThe case of the Kallah Kassaim [Qal’ah Qasim], which imported enslaved people into Muscat and changed her flag from the British flag to the Imam of Muscat’s depending on her circumstancesProposed measures to prevent export of kidnapped children from the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farqunda Ali Khan]The rescue of enslaved Somali men and women from Rasul Khyma [Ra's al-Khaymah]The rescue of enslaved Indian women from MuscatReports of a delegation sent by the Imam of Muscat to London to object to the East India Company’s insistence on ending the trade in enslaved peopleExtent of the trade in kidnapped children at Hyderabad, and the enforcement of the laws concerning the tradeDepositions of those connected with the cases of alleged slavery, including the case of Hajee Mahomed [Haji Muhammed], who was found to have multiple Abyssinian children in his house.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 227, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3822A, [Season 18]43’, ‘Collection No 11’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 251, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; the Court of Directors of the East India Company; the Foreign Office; the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd]. It is the first in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85479 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480). The enclosures to the letters are contained in the following items.The item concerns:The rescue of enslaved children and their subsequent placement in households or in a trade at Aden or Bombay, or their return homeThe prevalence of the trade in enslaved people at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] and ZanzibarDiscussions of how frequently women and children were kidnapped from India and enslaved and sold at Zanzibar, and whether the Imaum of Muscat’s ships were involvedDiscussions of how involved the Imaum of Muscat was in importing enslaved people to IndiaThe difficulties of enforcing treaties abolishing the trade in enslaved people, and in persuading the Imaum of Muscat to agree to such treatiesThe system of importing free labourers from Zanzibar to Mauritius and the British attempts to persuade the Imaum not to permit this system because it was often used to perpetuate slaveryThe case of the
Joshua Carroll, a ship seized by the British on suspicion of it being a slaving ship, and the claims of the company which chartered it that it was engaged in legitimate trade to transfer free labourers to MauritiusThe request of the Nawaub of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mohammad Yakut Khan I] that the British return a dancing girl whom he had accused of theft and who had taken refuge at SuratAttempts of Neer Nusseer Khan of Sinde [Amir Nasir Khan Talpur] to persuade the British to pardon one of his officials who had been imprisoned for attempting to import nine children on his behalf.Affairs of the English brig
Maria:Captain Turner’s apology for confining one of the Imaum’s seaman in the
MariaThe false accusation of mate of the
Mariaof murderThe Imaum’s attempt to use the
Mariato obtain the inheritance of a man who died at Tamatava [Toamasina, Madagascar].The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 530 and terminates at f 694, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The enclosures to these letters are contained in the subsequent items. It is the first in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94847, IOR/F/4/2066/94848, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, IOR/F/4/2066/94850, and IOR/F/4/2066/94851).The item concerns:The kidnapping of children from the territory of the Nizam of Hyderabad [Mir Farkhunda ‘Ali Khan]The rescue of enslaved Indians from Muscat and Judda [Jeddah]Anti-slavery proclamations of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa’id bin Sultan Al Bu Sa’id]The cases of individuals accused of importing enslaved people into Muscat and India.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 873, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 316 and terminates at f 338, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat; Philip LeGeyt, the Senior Magistrate of Police at Bombay; the Government of India; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden. It is the second in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85480).The item concerns:Instructions to magistrates concerning cases of enslaved women seeking asylum in British territories, including descriptions of individual cases, and details of one case where the Nawab of Sucheen [Nawab of Sachin, Ibrahim Mahomed Yakut Khan I] demanded the return of a dancing girl, claiming that she had stolen from himReports on the extent of the trade in enslaved people at Dieu [Diu] and GoaThe proclamation of the Raja of Suttara [Satara] that the buying or selling of enslaved people in his territory is illegalThe arrival of a Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh] boat at Muscat suspected of having on board kidnapped Somalee [Somali] girlsDetails of twenty children who were shipwrecked on their way from Maculla [Al Mukalla] to Judda [Jeddah] to be sold; the subsequent situations found for the children in Aden and BombayThree stowaway boys from Muscat found on board the
Orwelland the
Hugh Lindsayand their subsequent positionsTwo boys found at Tannah [Thune] who claimed to have been brought from Aden by a Portuguese man to Bombay who later abandoned themThree Indian girls who were rescued from slavery by the Native Agent at Muscat, Rubik bin Uslan [Aslan]; the circumstances of their kidnapping from India; their return to IndiaInvestigations about the prevalence of the kidnapping of Indian women and girls to be sold at Zanzibar, the importation of enslaved people into Bombay, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id]The importation of enslaved people from the coast of Africa to Zanzibar, and from Zanzibar to the Persian GulfProposal of measures to eliminate the trade in enslaved people.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 695 and terminates at f 866, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item contains graphic descriptions of slavery.This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political and secret letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Stafford Bettesworth Haines, British Political Agent at Aden; Khojah Reuben, Native Agent at Muscat; the Government of India; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Agent at Muscat on a mission to Zanzibar; Captain Samuel Hennell, British Resident in the Persian Gulf. It is the third in a series of three items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/1958/85478 and IOR/F/4/1959/85479).The item concerns:British proposals of methods to end the trade in enslaved people and potential political and practical consequences of these methodsThe extent of slavery and the trade in enslaved people at Zanzibar and India, and the involvement of the Imam of Muscat [Sayyid Sa‘id bin Sulṭan Al Bu Sa‘id] and his shipsThe kidnap and sale of women from IndiaThe involvement of individuals in the Persian Gulf in the trade in enslaved peopleThe difficulties of determining the nationality of crews and ships for the purpose of applying pre-existing treaties which limit the trade in enslaved peopleThe case of the
Kallah Kassaim[
Qal'ah Qasim], which transported enslaved people while flying British colours and subsequently changed to flying the Imam of Muscat’s flag, including copies of her licence and passThe importation of enslaved people into Shargah [Sharjah] and the non-cooperation of Sultan bin Suggur [Shaikh Sultan I bin Saqr al-Qasimi, Shaikh of Ra’s al-Khaymah] in resolving this matter; the eventual release of four Soomalee [Somali] women, the circumstances of their enslavement, and their return to BerberaA dispute between Sultan bin Suggur and Khalifa bin Shaikboot [Shaikh Khalifah bin Shakhbut Al Nahyan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi] involving each of them plundering the other's territoryRelations between British and American citizens at Zanzibar and the influence of their respective officials over the Imam of MuscatThe arrival of Her Majesty’s sloop of war
Lilyat Zanzibar, and her seizure of the
Joshua Carrollon suspicion of her being equipped to carry enslaved peopleThe trade in enslaved people at Berbera and the possibility of its suppression.The item includes letters sent by the Imam of Muscat to Queen Victoria, Lord Aberdeen [George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen], and Lord Palmerston [John Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston] requesting that they modify their plans for the suppression of the trade in enslaved people (ff 210-219).The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 596, P.C. [Previous Communication] 3593, [Season] 1842’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 4 and terminates at f 220, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, resolutions, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Samuel Hennell, the Resident in the Persian Gulf; Captain Atkins Hamerton, British Consul in the Dominion of the Imaum [Imam] of Muscat; and Rubiel bin Uslan [Reuben bin Aslan], British Agent at Muscat. It is the sixth in a series of six items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2066/94846, IOR/F/4/2066/94847, IOR/F/4/2066/94848, IOR/F/4/2066/94849, and IOR/F/4/2066/94850).The item concerns:The case of ‘Ali Abdulla, supercargo of the
Aden Merchant, who was accused of buying an enslaved boy in AdenThe effect at Zanzibar of recent proclamations of the Imaum of Muscat [Imam of Muscat, Sayyid Sa‘īd bin Sulṭān Āl Bū Sa‘īd] about the trade in enslaved peopleThe responsibility for the enforcement of the order of the Imaum prohibiting the sale of enslaved people to, or their purchase from, British subjectsThe attempts of Rubiel bin Uslan and Hennell to liberate five enslaved Indian subjects at Muscat, and correspondence with the Imaum of Muscat and the Acting Governor of Muscat, Syud Thooenee bin Sueed [Sayyid Thuwainī bin Sa'īd Āl Bū Sa'īd] on the subjectA plan to reunite an Indian girl rescued from slavery in Muscat with her friends in Moradabad.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 73, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4548, [Season 18]44’, ‘Collection No 1 of No 45’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 478 and terminates at f 547, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations, cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. It is the fifth in a series of seven items on the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2014/89996, 89997, 89998, 89999, 90001, and 90002). The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Atkins Hamerton, Her Majesty’s Consul and Agent in the dominions of His Highness the Imam of Muscat; Stafford Bettesworth Haines, Political Agent at Aden.This item concerns:Hamerton’s observations of the increase in the slave trade at ZanzibarHaines’s report of his rescue of a young enslaved girl named Shockowar at Aden, who had been conveyed there by Hadj Abdulla [Ḥājjī ‘Abdullāh al-Ḥabashī].The item includes a contents page, and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 666, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4079, [Season 18]43’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 234 and terminates at f 242, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.
Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, minutes, and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay [Mumbai]. The main correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Lieutenant Arnold Burrows Kemball, Assistant Resident in the Persian Gulf; Reuben Aslan, Native Agent at Muscat. It is the fifth in a series of five items concerning the trade in enslaved people (the others are IOR/F/4/2033/92119, 92120, IOR/F/4/2034/92121, and 92122).The item concerns:Reuben Aslan’s rescue of an Indian woman, two Indian children, and a Somalee [Somali] child at Muscat, and their statementsThe uncooperative attitude of Syed Soowenee [Sayyid Thuwaini bin Sa’id Al Bu Sa’id, Acting Governor of Muscat] towards Reuben Aslan and his attempts to emancipate enslaved peopleThe rescue of an Indian boy at Judda [Jeddah]The rescue of a Hyderabadi girl and a discussion of ways to eliminate the trade in kidnapped children from that area to the GulfThe sudden imposition of an import levy on goods landed from Arab ships at MauritiusThe wreck of the
Sir James Cockburnand the hospitality shown to the crew by Syed SooweneeThe legality of purchasing enslaved people for the purpose of emancipation.The item includes a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft 253, P.C. [Previous Communication] 4278, [Season 18]44’, ‘Vol: 5’, and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 88 and terminates at f 186, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the volume also contains an original pagination sequence.