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25. Coll 28/85S (1) ‘Persia; Abadan and S.W. Persian Oilfields; A.I.O.C. Indian Employees’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file is a direct chronological continuation of Coll 28/85S (1) ‘Persia. Abadan and S. W. Persian oilfields; Protection of British interests.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3490A). It consists chiefly of extracts of quarterly reports, prepared by HM Consul-General at Khorramshahr, on affairs at the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), and extracts from the Khorramshahr Consulate Diary. The reports concern working conditions and unrest amongst Indian and Pakistani employees at AIOC, and subversive activities amongst AIOC employees. Reference is made in several reports to the activities of the Rashtraya Sevak Sangh group at the AIOC (also referred to as the Hindu Communal Army [Rāṣṭrīya Svayamsēvaka Saṅgha]). Some of the reports in the file are marked top secret.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 33; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
26. Coll 28/85S (2) ‘Persia; Abadan situation 1946; Policy to be pursued by H.M.G. (Recommendations & General Appreciation).’
- Description:
- Abstract: Secret papers and correspondence concerning the British Government’s response to the potential threat of Soviet Communist penetration in Persia [Iran] and a perceived increase in influence of the Tudeh Party within the Persian Government. The political crisis was triggered by events at the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company’s refinery at Abadan in July 1946, covered in full in Coll 28/85S (1) ‘Persia. Abadan and S. W. Persian oilfields; Protection of British interests.’ (IOR/L/PS/12/3490A).The papers include: an appreciation of the political situation in Persia, along with recommendations for British propaganda activities to counter the Soviet threat, prepared by HM Ambassador at Tehran, John Haller Le Rougetel; a response to Le Rougetel’s recommendations, prepared by the Assistant Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Robert George Howe; a further response to Le Rougetel’s recommendations from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, Hugh Weightman; instructions sent by Le Rougtel to British consular officials in Persia, in response to events at Abadan.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 42; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
27. Coll 28/85 ‘Persia. Relations with H.M.G. Anglo-Persian Oil Company.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning diplomatic relations between the British and Persian Governments over the concession and operations of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company Limited (from 1935, Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Limited), referred to as APOC hereafter. The file includes: correspondence dated 1933 to 1935 from the British Consul at Kermanshah, reporting progress of the construction of APOC’s oil refining facilities at Kermanshah; correspondence dated 1939 and 1940 reporting on the Shah of Persia [Reza Shah Pahlavi] and his Government’s efforts to renegotiate the terms of the APOC concession, in light of the heightened strategic importance of APOC’s oil production to Britain during wartime conditions; correspondence dated 1941 reporting on wartime developments, the likelihood of German occupation of Iran, and the threat to APOC oil production in the country. The file also includes: two bound and printed copies of the APOC Concession 1933-1993, printed in French and English, and accompanied by a fold-out map of the concession area (ff 127-149, ff 150-172); an illustrated brochure, published by APOC in 1924 to commemorate the company’s stand at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley in 1924 (ff 109-126).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 188; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
28. Coll 35/24 'Persian Gulf: establishment of a wireless station in Qatar by Anglo Persian Oil Company'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns the proposed establishment of a wireless station in Qatar by Anglo Persian Oil Company station in Abadan, to communicate with their Bahrain station, having obtained permission from the ruler of Qatar.The file contains correspondence between the India Office and Cable and Wireless Limited.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 6; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
29. Coll 28/48 'Persia. Anglo-Persian Oil Company; Relations with Persian Govt.'
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, and other papers, concerning relations between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) and the Persian Government, and between the British and Persian governments over APOC operations in Persia [Iran]. The file covers: reports of attacks on APOC drilling operations at Bikarz [Bīd Karz] and Mishun in 1923; Soviet propaganda published against APOC in the Persian province of Khuzistan in 1927; disturbances amongst Persian APOC employees at Abadan in May and June 1929, and the British response to these disturbances, including the despatch of naval vessels to the Persian Gulf; copies of a 1931 memorandum entitled 'South Persian Oilfields Defence Scheme', produced by the Overseas Defence Committee at the Foreign Office (ff 76-86); a 1931 'Report on the Tribes in the Area exploited by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company Ltd', prepared by R J Moneypenny at HM Consulate, Ahwaz [Ahvāz] (ff 24-54); anti-APOC articles published in the newspaper Shafaq-e-Surkhin 1931, which criticise the D'Arcy Concession of 1901 (translations enclosed, ff 6-16), and the subsequent protest at the content of the articles made by the British Government to the Persian Government. The volume's principal correspondents include: HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Robert Henry Clive; HM Vice-Consul at Mohammerah [Khorramshahr], Captain E W Fletcher; the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.The volume contains a small number of items in French, being correspondence exchanged between the British and Persian Governments and three copies of the Persian newspaper Le Messager de Teheran(ff 61-66).The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
30. Coll 28/49 ‘Persia. Income Tax Law. Income Tax on A.P.O.C.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence concerning the Persian Government’s income tax law, its implementation, and likely income tax claims that will be made on British interests in Persia [Iran], including the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. The file includes multiple iterations of the new tax law (most in French), which was amended and augmented over time. The file’s principal correspondent is HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Tehran, Robert Henry Clive, Hughe Montgomery Knatchbull-Hugessen, Horace James Seymour and Reader William Bullard.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 93; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. Coll 5/11 ‘Air Route to India: Arab Coast Route – Emergency Landing Ground at Qatar’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence, memoranda, and reports relating to two topics. The first topic is an attempt by the British Government to obtain permission for an emergency landing ground in Qatar during 1932. The second topic relates to the air facilities needed by the Royal Air Force (RAF) in Qatar, if an offer of British protection is to be made to the Shaikh of Qatar in return for an oil concession for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC). In respect of this second topic, the file also contains material regarding a reconnaissance undertaken by the Royal Air Force over Qatar on the 9 May 1934 to identify suitable sites for such facilities. It includes a copy of a report on the reconnaissance – submitted by Bomber Squadron No 84, Shaibah, Iraq – on folios 27-32, along with a tracing of Qatar (folio 7) and a number of aerial photographs (folios 8-22) referenced in the report.A draft copy of the Qatar Oil Concession can be found on folios 93-101, and notes of amendments proposed by the British Government can be found on folios 80-89. In addition, a number of India Office memoranda have also been included towards the back of the file: El Qatar, 1908-16(folio 167), The Trucial Coast Chiefs, 1908-28(folios 168-71), and a Précis of the Treaties and Engagements between the British Government and the Chiefs of the Arabian Coast of the Persian Gulf(folios 164-67).The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf(Trenchard Craven William Fowle), the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, officials of the Air Ministry, and officials of the India Office.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 173; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
32. Coll 28/55 ‘Persia. Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Relations with Persian Govt.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers relating to the Persian Government’s annulment of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) concession in December 1932, and the ensuing diplomatic crisis between the two countries. The papers include: diplomatic exchanges between the British and Persian Governments and APOC, as reported by HM’s Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Tehran, Reginald Hervey Hoare; correspondence between the Foreign Office and India Office; parliamentary notices reporting questions on the crisis raised in the House of Commons; the response of the British press to the annulment, with a large number of newspaper cuttings from British newspapers (chiefly The Times, The Daily Herald, The Morning Post); the British Government’s referral of the dispute to the Council of the League of Nations; the British Government’s despatch of Royal Naval vessels to Abadan; papers from the Council of the League of Nations reporting on negotiations towards a settlement, including notes, session minutes, and correspondence from the Czech representative to the League, Edvard Beneš, who acted as mediator between the two parties; the settlement of the dispute, culminating in a new agreement between the Persian Government and APOC, dated 29 April 1933 (ff 26-35).The volume includes numerous items in French (Persian Government correspondence and some press cuttings from the Persian Press) and a single item in German (a transcript of an article originally appearing the Deutsche Bergwerks Zeitung).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 537; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.A number of pages have been bound into the volume upside down (ff 345-358).
33. Coll 5/83 ‘Re-Fuelling facilities for R.A.F and USATC at Bahrain’
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains papers concerning refuelling arrangements for the Royal Air Force (RAF), the United States Army Transport Command (USATC), and the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), during the Second World War (1939-1945) and into the post-war period. In particular, the distribution of contracts for refuelling services between the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO). It therefore covers developments at the Manama Sea Plane Anchorage and the Muharraq Aerodrome. A great deal of correspondence in the file focuses on legal discussion over the extent of BAPCO's monopoly over the erection of bulk fuel storage tanks in Bahrain, and whether this overrules the right of the British Government to provide refuelling facilities at aerodromes granted under the Bahrain Civil Aviation Agreement.A sketch map showing a proposed oil pipeline from Sitra Island to the landing ground on Murharraq Island can be found on folio 59.The main correspondents are as follows: the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Sir Charles Geoffrey Prior and Arnold Crawshaw Galloway), officials of the Air Ministry, officials of the India Office (Horace Algernon Fraser Rumbold, and Roland Tennyson Peel), officials of the Ministry of Fuel and Power (Eric Alfred Berthoud, Keith Lievesley Stock, and W D Mansell-Davis), and local RAF authorities.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 214; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
34. File 2249/1915 Pt 2 ‘Oil: Mesopotamia and Persia: oil; Sir J Cowan's deputation & Standard Oil Co.’
- Description:
- Abstract: Correspondence and other papers relating to oil exploration and the acquisition of oil concessions in Mesopotamia [Iraq] (and to a lesser degree, Persia [Iran]) by oil companies. The companies involved are: the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC); the Shell Transport Company (STC, also referred to as the Anglo-Saxon Oil Company), led by chief negotiator John Steven Cowans; the Standard Oil Company of New York (SOC). The correspondence covers: Cowans’s trip to Mesopotamia on behalf of STC; reports of SOC geologists to Mesopotamia; the British Government’s decision that all oil exploration and efforts at obtaining concessions in Mesopotamia should be stopped while the country remains under military administration; the retention of STC experts for oil exploration for military purposes; APOC exploration in the Pasht-i-Kuh region of Persia, and the company’s negotiations with the local Vali (or Wali), rather than the Persian Government; the refusal by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to authorise visas to British SOC representatives wishing to travel to Mesopotamia; suspicions amongst British Government officials that SOC were supporting and financing anti-British sentiment in Mesopotamia; the withdrawal of oil representatives and geologists in Mesopotamia from August 1920, in response to the social unrest and anti-British sentiment spreading across the country (the 1920 Iraqi revolt).The volume’s principal correspondents are: the Civil Commissioner in Baghdad, Arnold Talbot Wilson; Foreign Office officials; India Office officials.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 292; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 165-292, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
35. File 2249/1915 Pt 3-4 ‘IRAQ & PERSIA. OIL’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains parts 3 and 4 of the subject ‘IRAQ & PERSIA. OIL’. Part 3 (IOR/L/PS/10/577/1) concerns a dispute between the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) and the Government of Persia [Iran] over royalty payments and compensation for damage done to oil pipelines. Part 4 (IOR/L/PS/10/577/2) concerns the oil exploration at Nafţ Khānah, oil prospecting policy in Palestine, and British denial of access to Mesopotamia of oil companies from the United States.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with 1 and terminates at the last folio with 329; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. A previous foliation sequence between ff 70-329, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out. The foliation sequence does not include the front and back covers, nor does it include the leading and ending flyleaves.
36. File 1912/897 Pt 2 ‘Persian Gulf:- British post offices’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies of printed correspondence, handwritten correspondence, notes and other papers. This relates to the operation of British Indian post offices in Persia, and in particular in the region known as Arabistan [Ahvāz] by British officials. The file is a direct chronological continuation of File 1912/897 Pt 1 ‘Persian Gulf. British post offices [also in Turkish Arabia]’ (IOR/L/PS/10/242). Principal correspondents in the volume include: HM Minister in Tehran (Sir Charles Murray Marling); India Office staff (John Evelyn Shuckburgh; Arthur Hirtzel); the Deputy Chief Political Officer at Basra (Captain Arnold Talbot Wilson); the Chief Political Officer at Basra (Sir Percy Zachariah Cox); and the Officiating Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Major Stuart George Knox).Subjects covered in the volume include:a printed copy of the Convention of Rome (dated 26 May 1906), created by the Universal Postal Union, incorporating detailed regulations for its execution, in French and English, printed in 1907 by HM Stationery Office (ff 160-224);office notes relating to protests from the Persian Government at the opening of Government of India post offices at Henjam [Jazīreh-ye Hengām] and Charbar [Chābahār], and the anticipated post office at Ahwaz [Ahvāz] (ff 153-159);a copy of a letter from Knox to Sir Walter Beaupré Townley, HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Persia, dated 21 June 1914, countering complaints made by the Persian Government about British Indian postal service activities in southern Persia, by pointing out the perceived inadequacies in the Persian postal system (ff 130-133);complaints made by HM Consul at Kerman (Lieutenant-Colonel David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer), of deficiencies in the existing Persian postal service at Kerman. The Consul emphasises insecurities and delays on routes to Bandar Abbas [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] and Tehran, the inefficiency of staff, and the importance of the service to Kerman’s European community (ff 135-136, ff 77-78);a memorandum written by Wilson to Cox, dated 21 July 1917, giving a detailed account of the prevailing political situation (including Anglo-Persian relations) in Northern Arabistan (ff 41-44);the proposal, put forward by Cox in 1916, to open a British Indian post office at the Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s (APOC) concession at Maidan-i-Naphtum [Meydān-e Naftūn]. It provokes much discussion between British officials in the Gulf, Government of India officials, and officials from the India Office and the Foreign Office, chiefly relating to the likely response of the Persian authorities to such a move, and whether the move could be justified. A useful précis of the differing opinions of officials involved in making the decision can be found at ff 14-18.Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 226; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: an original printed pagination sequence is present between ff 160-224.
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