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1. 'File 22/23 Recognition of FUJAIRAH as Independent State'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file correspondence begins with a note dated 1938 from the Residency Agent, Sharjah to the Political Agent, Bahrain announcing the succession of Shaikh Muhammad bin Hamad ash-Sharqi to the Trucial Coast Shaikhdom of Fujairah, on the death of his brother, Shaikh Saif bin Hamad ash-Sharqi, 24 December 1938. This is followed by a memorandum dated 1939 from the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf to the Political Agent, Muscat about the intention of the Shaikh of Fujairah and his son to travel on their existing Muscati passports and in this connection, the Resident also encloses an earlier Government of India memorandum from 1903, pointing to the existence of a consistent British policy of non-recognition and non-interference in the Sultan of Muscat’s long standing and disputed claim to suzerainty over Fujairah.Next in the file is an Arabic transcript and English translation of a letter from Shaikh Muhammad bin Hamad ash-Sharqi of Fujairah to the Residency Agent at Sharjah in April 1941, formally requesting treaty relations with Great Britain. The rest of the file comprises numerous letters and several memoranda, 1941-1950, mainly between the Political Agent, Bahrain; the Political Officer, Trucial Coast, Sharjah; and the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. They discuss mostly the diplomatic handling of repeated requests by the Shaikh of Fujairah for recognition as an independent Trucial Coast Ruler under British protection and for British assistance in promoting oil company exploration in his territory, at a time when British Government policy was averse to increasing the number of independent minor Trucial Coast shaikhdoms. The file ends with an exchange of letters in 1950 between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Foreign Office officials in London, discussing the advantages of concluding a treaty with the Shaikh of Fujairah and the dangers of pursuing this course, should the Sultan of Muscat or the Shaikh of Sharjah take offence or actively renew their own historic claims to sovereignty over Fujairah.Included in the file is information about the extent of the territory of Fujairah, a list of its main towns and its political status (folios 32, 34-35). This information was compiled by the Political Officer, Trucial Coast, Sharjah in 1948 at the request of the Political Agent, Bahrain for submission to oil company officials at Petroleum Concessions Limited, Bahrain and Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited, Bahrain and Dubai.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) starts on the file cover (f 1) and ends on the last folio of writing (f 59) at the back of the file. The numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional and almost parallel foliation sequence is present in the file. These numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
2. 'File 0210 Fujairah affairs'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the history and status of Fujairah following its ruler, Shaikh Muhammad bin Hamad Ash-Sharqi's [Muḥammad bin Ḥamad al-Sharqī] wish to enter into formal treaty relations with the British government. Included is the discussion over the interest of Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Ltd in Fujairah.The correspondence is principally between the Residency Agent and Political Officer in Sharjah, the Political Agency at Bahrain, the Political Residency in the Persian Gulf at Bushire (Bahrain from 1946), and Shaikh Muhammad bin Hamad Ash-Sharqi.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 39; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-33; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
3. 'File 0629 Correspondence regarding the land beneath the sea outside territorial waters'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding the issue of oil concession grants for land beneath the sea beyond the three mile territorial limit. The correspondence is principally between the British Agency at Sharjah, the Political Agency at Bahrain, and the ruling shaikhs of the Trucial Coast [United Arab Emirates].The matters covered by the file include:British instructions to the Trucial shaikhs to make claims to the subsoil of the seabed beyond the three mile limit;the case of arbitration between Petroleum Concessions Limited and individual shaikhs over whether this potential extension of territory was included in the original 1939 concessions.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 47; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-44; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
4. 'File 0629/2 Correspondence regarding the land beneath the sea outside territorial waters'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding oil concession grants for land beneath the sea beyond the three mile territorial limit. The correspondence is principally between the British Agency at Sharjah, the Political Agency at Bahrain, and Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan [Shakhbūṭ bin Sulṭān Āl Nahyān], the ruler of Abu Dhabi.The file covers the oil concession granted by Shaikh Shakhbut to the Superior Oil Company (California) for the subsoil beneath the sea beyond the three mile territorial limit. It includes the political agreement signed by the British Government and the Superior Oil Company on the 15 April 1950, wherein the obligations of the former are stipulated.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 27; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
5. 'File 24/2 Oil concessions, Volume II'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence regarding the negotiations and signing of oil concessions in the Trucial Coast (United Arab Emirates). The correspondence is principally between the British Agency in Sharjah, the Political Agency in Bahrain, the Political Agency in Muscat, representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited (mostly Frank Holmes), and various rulers of the Trucial Shaikhdoms.The matters covered by the file include:the question of whether to include Kalbah within the Muscat concession;the British Government's policy of only permitting ruling Shaikhs to grant concessions to Petroleum Concessions Limited, and the wish of the rulers of Sharjah, Dubai, and Ras al-Khaimah to negotiate with the Standard Oil of California;the intentions of Shaikh Said bin Maktum [Sa‘īd bin Maktūm Āl Maktūm], ruler of Dubai, and Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr [Sulṭān II bin Saqr Āl Qasimī], ruler of Sharjah, to open a bank branch in their territories;the conduct of Frank Holmes;the negotiations over the Dubai, Sharjah, and Ras al-Khaimah concessions;the visit of Imperial Airways agents to Umm al-Qaiwain with a view to opening permanent facilities there;the visit of Basil Henry Lermitte, representative of Petroleum Concessions Limited, to the Trucial Coast to begin negotiations for the Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Qaiwain, and Abu Dhabi concessions;reports of communication between Hajj Abdullah Williamson [William Richard Williamson], agent of Petroleum Concessions Limited, and the rulers of Ras al-Khaimah and Abu Dhabi, urging them to hold out for better terms;arrangements for a geological survey of Jabal Hafit;negotiations with Shaikh Sultan bin Saqr over the political agreement between Petroleum Concessions Limited and the British Government;reports of American geologists seen working in Abu Dhabi territory.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 202; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-198; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and are located in the same position as the main sequence.
6. PZ 4841/1937 'Persian Gulf: Haji Williamson & Major Holmes'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence relating to the past conduct and future employment of Major Frank Holmes and William Richard ‘Haji’ Williamson in the Persian Gulf. Most of the correspondence is between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Secretary of State for India, and concerns objections to the potential employment of Holmes as a negotiator on behalf of Petroleum Concessions Limited in Bahrein [Bahrain] and Koweit [Kuwait], and his past record as a negotiator on the Trucial Coast and as Chief Local Representative for the Bahrain Petroleum Company.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 68; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
7. Coll 30/110(3) 'Trucial Coast Oil Concessions: Hinterland Exploration and Survey. Trucial Coast Boundaries. Trucial Coast Surveys 1938-9.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file relates to geological survey work carried out by Petroleum Concessions Limited (PCL) (and its subsidiaries Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited and Petroleum Development (Oman and Dhofar) Limited) to identify productive sources of oil in the hinterland of the Trucial Coast and Muscat and Oman (particularly in the area around Buraimi).The papers include: the extent to which the Trucial Coast hinterland was under the control of Trucial Coast rulers; the question of the boundaries of the Trucial Coast states, including a set of reports by the Political Agent, Bahrain and Residency Agent, Sharjah, dated 1937 (folios 461-473); local tribes; the importance to general British policy in the Middle East of the friendship and stability of Saudi Arabia (folio 444); the question of the borders of Saudi Arabia and Muscat and Oman; minutes of meetings between India Office officials and representatives of Petroleum Concessions Limited; agreement that the Royal Air Force (RAF) should assist in carrying out aerial surveys of the area, 1937; the emphasis of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Trenchard Craven William Fowle) on the importance of establishing whether oil existed in commercial quantities within the British sphere of influence in the Persian Gulf, in view of the fact that the majority of oil wells in the region were in Iran, 1937 (folios 395, 382, 208-210); the difficulties in arranging a visit by the Company's geologists to Jebel Faiyah [Jabal al Fāyah] and other parts of the Trucial Coast interior, 1938; the use by the Company of a civil aircraft for aerial surveys, 1938 (folios 328, 263); a report on local tribal politics in the Baraimi [Buraimi] area, 1938 (folios 229-236); sketch map of region, folio 216; the presence in the area of two PCL exploration parties to Buraimi, November-December 1938; a report by the Assistant Political Agent, Bahrain (Captain John Baron Howes), who accompanied one of the parties, with comments by the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and the Political Agent, Bahrain, and two sketch maps, folios 144-169; further plans for exploration by the Company in 1939, with sketch map (folios 116-118); Fowle's view that the explorations should help to dispel the view that American oil interests would do more to explore the region (folio 151), contrasted with his feeling in July 1939 that PCL were looking for excuses not to proceed with proposals from the Sultan of Muscat for further exploration (folio 49); the postponement of surveys in 1939 and 1940 as a result of war conditions; and the continuation of annual concession payments to the shaikhs concerned, 1943 (folio 4).The papers also contain a significant amount of correspondence from the Political Agent and HBM's Consul, Muscat.The Arabic language content of the papers consists of four annual reports in both English and Arabic on the Company' operations in 1940, sent to local rulers.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 501; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-500; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
8. Coll 30/110(4) 'Trucial Coast Oil Concession: Muscat Oil Concession. Hinterland Exploration & Survey.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file concerns geological and geophysical surveys for oil and other minerals in the hinterland of Muscat and Oman (especially Dhofar Province, also referred to as Dhufar) and the Trucial Coast (especially Sharjah) undertaken by the substantially British-owned Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) and its subsidiaries Petroleum Concessions Limited, Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited, and Petroleum Development (Oman and Dhofar) Limited. The British Government were keen to assist IPC to resume exploration, which had been discontinued during the Second World War, in view of the political, strategic and economic importance of the Company's oil concessions in the area (folio 275).The papers include: the extent to which certain tribal areas were under the control of local rulers; the need for demarcation of the boundaries of the Trucial Coast states; list of concession and political agreements in force in 1945 in the various Trucial Coast states (folios 267-268); interest on the part of the Shaikh of Fujairah in entering into treaty relations with the British Government (folio 210); minutes of meetings at the India Office between British Government officials and oil company representatives; permission from the British Government to employ American personnel in survey work (folios 186-193); papers concerning a report by Sir Cyril Sankey Fox, formerly Director of the Geological Survey of India, for the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman entitled 'The Geology and Mineral and Other Resources of Dhufar Province and Other Parts of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, South-East Arabia', March-May 1947 (folios 64-100), including correspondence from the author of the report; sketch map provided by the Political Agent, Muscat (Major Andrew Charles Stewart), which is said by him to have been marked by the Sultan of Muscat [Sa‘īd ibn Taymūr] to show the western boundary of Dhofar (folio 68); a request by Petroleum Development (Trucial Coast) Limited that geological factors be taken into account in determining the boundary between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, with sketch map (folios 57-58); Petroleum Concessions Limited 'Instructions to Field Party for Geological Reconnaissance of Southeastern Hadhramaut, the Mahra, and Dhofar' (folios 49-53); and minutes of Foreign Office meeting to discuss the south-eastern frontiers of Saudi Arabia, July 1947.The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside the front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio with 336; these numbers are written in pencil and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 327-335; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled, and have been crossed out. Finally, the second folio is listed as ‘1A’ rather than ‘2.’