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25. General No. 32 of 1873, Forwarding Copies of Papers Indicating that the Government of India Forgoes the Claim upon the Sultan of Zanzibar for Re-Payment of the Sums Advanced by the Resident at Aden for the Maintenance of the Shipwrecked Crew of the Ship El Majidi
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of a Political Despatch from the Government of India Foreign Department to the Secretary of State for India, dated 16 October 1873 and received via Brindisi on 10 November 1873, forwarding copies of papers from which it will be seen that the Government of India have consented to forego the claim upon the Sultan of Zanzibar for re-payment of the sums advanced by the Resident at Aden for the maintenance, etc., of the survivors of the shipwrecked crew of His Highness's ship El Majidi(formerly Sea King). The enclosures comprise copies of a letter from the Political Agent and Consul at Zanzibar to the Under-Secretary to the Government of India, Foreign Department, and the latter's reply.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 195, and terminates at f 197a, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The sequence contains three foliation insertion anomalies: f 195a, f 196a, and 197a.
26. Coll 1/55 'Aden. Water and drainage schemes: loan by the Aden Port Trust to the Aden Settlement'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains two sets of papers. The first set, dated 1934, concerns arrangements for the Aden Settlement to receive a loan of 3 lakhs of rupees from the Aden Port Trust. The loan was intended to repay a previous Government loan, obtained to fund water and drainage schemes in Aden. This material consists of minutes of the Aden Port Trust, and correspondence between the Chairman of the Aden Settlement, the Aden Chief Commissioner, and the Government of India Department of Commerce.The second set of papers, dated 1936, consist of correspondence between Dorothy Newport-Ridley and Richard Austin Butler MP. Ridley informs Butler of her visit to Aden in April 1936, and enquires into the use of the water supply for irrigation and drinking purposes. The papers include Butler's response to the enquiry, and correspondence with the Aden Resident.The file includes a divider which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the end of the correspondence (folio 1).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 30; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
27. Correspondence and Newspaper Cuttings about Persia and the Persian Gulf
- Description:
- Abstract: This file consists mainly of correspondence received by George Nathaniel Curzon, mostly on matters relating to Persia.The letters are mainly from friends, acquaintances and other correspondents known to Curzon, including a number of army officers, diplomats, writers and travellers with an interest in Persia. Notable correspondents include Lieutenant-Colonel Malcolm John Meade, Captain Percy Molesworth Sykes, Albert Houtum-Schindler, Henry Mortimer Durand (British Minister at Tehran), John Richard Preece (British Consul at Ispahan), Thomas Henry Sanderson (Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs), and Robert Theodore Gunther.Many of the letters discuss the internal affairs of Persia and British policy regarding that country, mostly from the perspective of British officers and diplomats who are residing or have visited there. Some of the correspondents congratulate Curzon on his recent appointment as Viceroy of India, a post which he took up in January 1899.Of particular note is an account by Horace Montagu Rumbold of his travels through Persia during October 1897, which records his observations and opinions of the country's government, its local rulers, and whether British rule of southern Persia would be welcomed by its inhabitants (ff 17-35).The file also includes copies of printed correspondence received by the Prime Minister, the Marquess of Salisbury (Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil), from British representatives in Constantinople (ff 50-52), which discuss a petition submitted by Count Kapnist, nephew of the Russian Ambassador at Vienna, to the Ottoman Minister for Public Works, in a bid for a concession for the construction of a railway line from the Mediterranean coast to the Persian Gulf (the correspondence includes a translation of the petition).The file concludes with newspaper cuttings from the Times of India, the Daily Mailand the Morning Post, which contain articles reporting on Persia and on Curzon's selection as Viceroy.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 1, and terminates at f 93, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. The foliation sequence does not include the front back cover, nor does it include the leading flyleaves.
28. File 1290/1905 'Mesopotamia: Oudh Bequest'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains correspondence relating to the distribution of the Oudh Bequest in Kerbala [Karbala] and Nejef [Najaf]. The correspondence is principally between the Government of India (Foreign and Political Departments), the India Office, and the Foreign Office. There are many enclosures that include correspondence from the following:the Political Resident in Turkish Arabia (who also acts as the British Consul-General in Baghdad);Mirza Muhammad Hassan Mohsin, British Vice-Consul at Kerbala;several mujtahids (a person accepted as an authority on Islamic law) from Kerbala and Nejaf;J W Hose, Chief Secretary to the Government of the United Provinces.The Oudh Bequest was an annual payment made by the Government of India to the mujtahids of the holy shrine cities of Karbala and Najaf. This payment was the interest on a loan given to the East India Company in 1825 by the King of Awadh, who instructed that it be used to improve religious learning and help the poor of Shia communities in Iraq.The papers within the volume cover the discussion over how the bequest was to be distributed. This system of distribution underwent several changes over the years, owing to complaints of unfairness by potential recipients and corruption as perceived by the British. Included within the volume are several petitions from mujtahids and representatives of the Indian residents of Kerbala and Nejef for a fairer distribution of the funds.The volume includes extracts from the summaries of events in Turkish Arabia that were produced on a monthly basis by the Political Resident in Baghdad.Physical description: Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 128; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.
29. File 1855/1904 Pt 4 'Koweit:- Loans to Sheikh.'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume concerns the payment of loans by the Government of India to Shaikh Mubarak [Mubārak bin Jābir Āl Ṣabāḥ] of Koweit [Kuwait].The principal correspondents are the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; the Political Agent, Kuwait; the Viceroy of India; the Shaikh of Kuwait; and senior officials at the Foreign Office, the India Office, the Treasury, and the Government of India.The papers cover: loan of 100,000 rupees to the Shaikh of Kuweit in 1904 'to meet the payment due to his nephews under the recent arbitration award' (f 114v), June 1904 - February 1905 (ff 90-121); loan of 200,000 rupees to the Shaikh of Kuweit in 1909, who needed ready money as a result of 'large advances made to pearl merchants who cannot be pressed for immediate repayment, and to the fact that his brother, Sheikh Khazal, has asked for postponement of large loan due to Sheikh Mubarak' (f 79), February - October 1909 (ff 37-89); loan of 200,000 rupees to the Shaikh of Kuweit in 1913 as a result of financial needs arising from water supply difficulties in Kuwait, distress amongst the diving community caused by a falling pearl market, the Shaikh's inability to sell stocks of dates, and the need to support the owners of pearl boats and so prevent a reaction on the local trade of Kuwait (ff 24-25), December 1913 - February 1914 (ff 17-36); papers concerning the water supply at Kuwait, contained in Government of India memoranda dated September-October 1914 (ff 4-16); and India Office letter proposing remission of the loan of 1914, in view of the assistance rendered by the Shaikh of Kuweit 'in maintaining the blockade at Koweit', 4 April 1918 (f 2).The date range gives the covering dates of all the documents in the file; the covering dates of the minute papers given on the subject divider on folio 1 are 1904-14. There are no papers between 1914 and 1918.Physical description: 121 folios
30. File 472/1912 'Loans to Persia'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises correspondence between the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipetentiary to Persia (Sir George Head Barclay, and Sir Walter Beaupre Townley), the British Ambassador to Russia (Sir George William Buchanan), the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Sir Edward Grey) and representatives of the India Office and the Foreign Office regarding an Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government in 1912. Included with the correspondence are two published memoranda on the Persian Government Loans.Later correspondence discusses the role of the Imperial Bank of Persia in administering the loan, overseeing interest payments and loan security based on income from Persian Customs and Telegraph services.Also discussed are additional advances made in 1912 to the Persian Government made by the British Government and Government of India (known as Anglo-Indian advances).The correspondence follows directly on from IOR/L/PS/10/11.The volume is part 1 of 1. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 172; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
31. File 747/1913 Pt 1 ‘Loans to Persia’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies of correspondence, minutes and other papers relating to the advance of loans to Persia. Two different loans are discussed:a loan of £100,000, made by the British Government in May 1913 to the Governor-General of Fars (half of which was to be payable by the Government of India), to be utilised towards the maintenance of law and order in southern Persia (specifically in the form of subsidies to be paid to the Fars gendarmerie), and proposed in response to a number of recent attacks on British forces, including the murder of Captain Eckford of the 39th Central India Horse, near Shiraz in December 1912;a joint Anglo-Russian loan to the Persian Government, to the value of £400,000, divided equally between Britain and Russia, with the Government of India paying £100,000 towards the British Government’s share of £200,000.The correspondence deals with arrangements for the payment of the loans, conditions attached to them, the agreement of terms between the British and Russian Governments, the date of commencement of interest repayments.Amongst the conditions discussed are:protection of and provision for British interests in the Persian Gulf, namely Persia’s responsibility for the supply of lighting and buoying in the waters surrounding Persian islands, and protection for Bahrainis and Trucial Coast subjects in Persia;loan interest rates;security against the loans, and repayment of loans, in the form of Persian customs receipts, and opium receipts;mining and railway concessions in Persia, pursued by British and Russian interests.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Sir Arthur Hirtzel of the India Office; Sir Louis Du Pan Mallet of the Foreign Office; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.The volume’s core correspondence covers the period January 1913 to February 1914. The earlier start date given for the volume is a result of correspondence included in a secret memorandum on Persian Government loans (ff 13-38), itself dated 17 October 1910, which is an historical précis of loans given to Persia by the British Government and Government of India since 1903.Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 238. An additional foliation sequence is also present in parallel between ff 2-238; these numbers are also written in pencil and are circled, but have been struck through.
32. File 747/1913 Pt 2 'Persia- Loans. Swedish gendarmerie'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies of correspondence, minutes, telegrams, and other papers relating to the financial advances made by His Majesty’s Government and the Government of India to the Persian Government. The only loan discussed was of the amount of £50,000 to be payable to the Persian Government through the Imperial Bank of Persia.The correspondence was mainly about whether it is in the British Government’s interest to support the Fars gendarmerie or not. This was in response to a number of incidents that took place in the Kazerun region, and the direct involvement of the Fars gendarmerie led by Swedish officers in the affairs. Criticism was raised against the Swedish officers for misleading the gendarmerie, and a suggestion of their withdrawal from service was made. The Swedish Government then contemplated withdrawal of its officers from service in Persia.The correspondence deals with arrangements for the payment of the loan, conditions attached to it, the agreement of terms between the British, the Persian and the Swedish Governments, and the date of commencement of repayments.In July 1914, a loan of £50,000, was made by the British Government to the Governor-General of Fars (half of which was to be payable by the Government of India), in order to assist Persia in order to avoid a breakdown of the gendarmerie organization. It was made clear that the British Government fully realized that to allow the gendarmerie scheme in Fars to collapse would be detrimental to British interests.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Major William Frederick Travers O’Connor, Acting Consul at Shiraz; and Sir Esme William Howard, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Sweden.The volume’s core correspondence covers the period February 1914 to October 1914. The earlier start date given for the volume is a result of correspondence included in a confidential enclosure on Persian Government loans (ff 94-97); itself dated April- May 1913, which is an historical précis of loans given to Persia by the British Government and Government of India in the year 1913.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 240; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
33. File 747/1913 Pt 3 'Persia: LOANS. (1914-18) [Cost of Swedish Gendarmerie].'
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume comprises copies of correspondence, Memoranda, minutes, telegrams, and other papers mainly between the British Ministry at Tehran; and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The correspondence is relating to the financial difficulties of the Persian Government and the question of loans payment. Suggestions were made by the British Government on how the Persian Government could pay back its loans. Among the suggestions were sales of the crown jewels, or islands off Bundar Abbas. While selling the crown jewels was not an option, the sale of the islands was the subject of correspondence between the British and the Russian Governments. The Russian Government had no objections to the British Government’s purchasing the Gulf islands or to anything which The British chose to do in South Persia as long as they keep quiet about north Persia.The correspondence deals with arrangements for the payment of the loan, conditions attached to it, the agreement of terms between the British, the Persian and the Russian Governments, and the Imperial Bank of Persia. A few issues related to the loan were discussed, among which were:the proposal of joint Anglo-Russia advances of £100,000; and £400,000 to the Persian Government;the interest on loans to The Persian Government;the question of claiming compound interest on arrears of interest payable on Anglo-Indian advances;payment of the November coupon on the Imperial Government of Persia loan of 1911 of which the British government paid half of its amount, i.e. £7184 9s 4d.The file also contains correspondence relating to the behaviour of the Swedish gendarmerie in Persia. Despite the reports of His Majesty’s Consul in Kerman on their inappropriate behaviour, it was made clear that, if financial assistant was not achieved Persia would witness a total collapse of the administration of the gendarmerie followed by anarchy throughout the country.The volume’s principal correspondents are: Sir Walter Beaupre Townley, British Minister at Tehran; Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; Major William Frederick Travers O’Connor, Acting Consul at Shiraz; Sir George William Buchanan, Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia; and the Imperial Bank of Persia.The volume’s core correspondence covers the period September 1914 to September 1918. The earlier start date given for the volume is a result of correspondence included in a confidential enclosure, itself dated April- March 1914, on the Swedish gendarmerie and the incidents took place in Kazerun region of Persia in the early 1914 (ff 133-138).Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 226; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.The sequence includes the following anomaly: 56A. This folio had been left blank by mistake prior to imaging.
34. File 1000/1918 Pt 5 'Persia: Negotiations leading up to the Anglo-Persian Agreement 1919'
- Description:
- Abstract: The item contains correspondence and other papers regarding negotiations between the United Kingdom and Persia [Iran] leading up to the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919. The correspondence discusses the negotiations themselves as well as the proposed content of the agreement, and the item includes copies of several draft versions of the agreement and of a parallel agreement over a British loan to the Government of Persia. The final text of both agreements is on folios 147-148.The primary correspondents are: HM Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia; the Prime Minister of Persia; the Government of India; the Foreign Office; the India Office; HM Treasury; and the Civil Commissioner, Mesopotamia [Iraq].The item contains three folios in French, folios 150-152, consisting of letters between HM Envoy and the Prime Minister of Persia.Physical description: 1 item (262 folios)
35. File 3170/1918 ‘Persia: loans to Bakhtiari Khans’
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda and printed reports relating to the provision of loans to the Bakhtiari [Bakhtiyārī] khans in Persia [Iran].The correspondence discusses:British relations with the BakhtiarisBritish military movements in PersiaThe political situation in Persia including the prospects of a government being formed in TehranAdvance of monies to the Bakhtiari khans for the purchase of property at Barbarud [Dehnow]Correspondence between the Foreign Office and India Office about appropriate contributions to the paymentsRepayment of a loan made to Sirdar Zaffar Ilkhani [Sirdār Ẓafar Ilkhānī ] of the Bakhtiaris in 1918.Correspondents include the following: HM Ambassador to Iran, the Secretary to the Government of India’s Foreign and Political Department, and officials from the India Office and Foreign Office.The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 115; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
36. File 357/1919 Pt 2 ‘RAILWAYS IN PERSIA’
- Description:
- Abstract: This volume contains papers relating to the construction of the Trans-Persian Railway. It contains material relating to:The Persian Railway Syndicate’s attempt to enlist the aid of Rabbi Joseph Saul Kornfeld, the United States Envoy to Persia [Iran], and the British Foreign Office’s subsequent unfavourable attitude towards the SyndicateThe Persian Railway Syndicate’s proposal to invite American companies for the construction of railways in PersiaThe concessions for the Mohammerah [Khorramshahr]-Khanakin [Khanaqin] and Khanakin-Tehran railwaysThe proposed railway from Khanakin to Tehran and the estimated cost for the three principal divisions of the railwayThe restrictions of the British Government on the Persian Railway Syndicate’s grant of a loan to the Persian GovernmentThe possibility of a ‘fusion of interests’ between the Persian Railway Syndicate and the Stronach Dutton System of Road Rails LimitedThe possible extension of the American Chester Group’s railway concession from Turkey into PersiaThe plans of the Prime Minister of Persia [Rezā Khān Sardār Sepah] for a railway line extending from Ahwaz [Ahvaz] to Khorramabad, Dizful [Dezful], and Sultanabad [Arak] to TehranThe endeavour of an American group to obtain a concession for a line from Mohammerah to Khorramabad and TehranThe expenditures of the Persian Railway Syndicate for the Khanakin-Tehran and the Mohamerah-Khoramabad surveysThe possibility of forming a Railway Syndicate with the Anglo-Persian Oil Company and Standard Oil CompanyThe Persian Government’s decision to carry out a survey of the Mohammerah-Tehran-Bandar-i Gez [Bandar-i Gaz] railway line with the assistance of a German engineerThe Consortium industriel pour l’Orient’s proposal to build a railway connecting Meshed [Mashhad] to the Tripoli-Homs LineThe preference of the British Army Council and the Air Council for an East-West rather than a North-South railway in Persia for strategic reasonsThe exploitation of coal and iron deposits in Mazanderan [Mazandaran] for the construction of railways in Persia, and the concerns of Russia about a Trans-Persian Railway connecting the Persian Gulf to the Caspian SeaThe Act of the Persian Majlis [Parliament] for the construction of the Persian Trunk RailwayThe Persian Majlis’s Passage of the Bill for Railway Survey and ConstructionThe Persian Majlis’s passage of the Railway Construction Bill, from Mohammerah and Bandar-i Gez to TehranThe Persian Majlis’s passage of a law for constructing a railway between Khor Musa-Mohammerah-Bandar-i Gez;The Persian Majlis’s authorisation of the Minister of Public Work to employ foreign experts for the construction of the Railway;The inauguration of the Bandar-i Gaz-Tehran-Ahwaz Railway in the presence of the Shah of Persia [Rezā Shāh Pahlavi]The British concerns and preference for a British rather than an American firm to build the Southern Section of the RailwayThe passage of the Railway Survey Law by the Persian Majlis and the contract between the Persian Government and the American company Ulen, and two German companies, Philipp Holzmann and Julius Berger-Siemens Union [sic., Siemens Bauunion] to carry out a complete survey of the RailwayThe contract between the Persian Government, represented by Minister of Public Works [General Ḥabib Allāh Khān Shaybānī], and the Persian Railway Syndicate, represented by MD Carrel and MNS MavrogordatoThe contracts between the Persian Government and the Persian Railway Syndicate for the constructions of ports at Bandar-i Qays and Khor Musa (Bandar-i Shahpur) and a dam over the Karun River at AhwazThe plans for building the line from Bandar Shapur north of Ahwaz, and revival of the line from Hamadan to TehranThe construction of the railway lines from Bandar Shah and Khor Musa, the diversion of German resources to the construction of electrical and cement works, and the postponement of building a port at Khor MusaThe reservations of the British Minister in Persia [Robert Henry Clive] about the construction of the Railway as opposed to motor roads in Persia, and the subsidisation of the enterprise through the tea and sugar monopoliesThe increase in the cost of the Southern Section of the Railway and predicted opposition of the Persian GovernmentThe visit by the Shah of Persia to the Southern Section of the Railway, his unfavourable impression of the state of the railway, and the American Minister in Persia’s advice to Ulen and Company to stop working on the railway in case of difficulties with the Persian GovernmentThe cancellation of the contract between the Persian Government and the Persian Railway Syndicate over delayed payments, and the agreement between the German and Ulen groups within the Syndicate to work on the Northern and Southern sections of the Trans-Persian Railway respectivelyThe Anglo-Persian Oil Company’s concerns about the Railway providing greater access and mobility to the RussiansThe dispute between the Persian Government and the German-American syndicate for the construction of the RailwayThe negotiations between the Persian Government and the German companies Julius Berger Konsortium, Philipp Holzmann, and Siemens Bauunion for the construction of the Northern Section of the Trans-Persian RailwayThe possible takeover by the Batignolles Construction Company of the building of the Southern Section of the Trans-Persian Railway from the American and British companies Ulen and Company and Stewart and McDonnellThe Persian Government’s appointment of Suzuki Hajime from the Japanese Railway Department’s Engineering BureauThe breakdown of negotiations between the Batignolles Construction Company and the Government of Persia, and the latter’s decision to proceed with the construction of the remaining sections of the railwayThe proposals of the Batignolles Construction Company to the Government of Persia in the absence of a contractThe extension of the Southern Section of the Railway from Khor Musa to Dizful, Hamadan and Kazvin [Qazvin], and the Northern Section from Tehran to Sari and the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.The volume also includes the following sketch maps:A sketch map of the Trans-Persian Railway, from Khor Musa to Sari and the coast of the Caspian Sea, showing the ‘Line Completed’, ‘Line Surveyed’, and ‘Division between the Northern and Southern Sections’ (f 14)A sketch map of the Northern Section of the Railway, showing the routes to Pahlavi, Semnan, and Balfurush [Barfurush], with a second map of the Southern Section, showing alternative routes and termini, running either from Mohammerah or Khor Musa to Dizful and Hamadan (f 156)A sketch map showing the existing and projected railways in Persia (f 204).Physical description: Foliation: The foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 573; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio.
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