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37. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade. Naval force requisite for the suppression of the -.’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, resolutions, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, an extract of a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 20 July 1854. The enclosures are dated 7 October 1852-July 1854. It is the first in a series of twelve items about the ‘slave trade’ [trade in enslaved people].The correspondents are: the Court of Directors; the Government of Bombay; Rear Admiral Sir Henry John Leeke, Commander in Chief of the Indian Navy; and Commander John William Young, Commanding the Company’s steam frigate Queen.The item concerns a letter from the Court of Directors, an extract of which, dated 1 March 1854, is included in the item, requesting information about a previously stated plan to employ the Queenin the Gulf to stop the ‘slave trade’. The activities of the Queenare reported, and suggestions made as to the number of vessels that are required to effectively suppress the ‘slave trade’.The item contains a table of contents (ff 570-571), and the title page (f 569) contains the following references: Draft Number ‘1045/54’, ‘Collection No. 1 of No. 49 of 1854’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 569 and terminates at f 584, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
38. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade. Liberation of two female Slaves brought to Bahrein by Amul Gavine vessels – Vol: 3’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; and Archibald Spens, Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay. It is the third in a series of four volumes about the trade in enslaved people.The item concerns the arrival at Bombay [Mumbai] of two women rescued from slavery at Bahrein [Bahrain].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft No 217-1853’ and ‘Collection Vol: 3 of No. 106’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 290, and terminates at f 296, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
39. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade. Liberation of three female Slaves brought to Bahrein by Amulgavine vessels. – Vol: 2’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, minutes, and consultations cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Captain Arnold Burrowes Kemball, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Hajee Jassem [Ḥājjī Jāsim], British Agent at Bahrein [Bahrain]; and Ahmed [Aḥmad], Government Agent at Lingah [Bandar-e Lengeh]. It is the second in a series of four volumes about the trade in enslaved people.The item concerns:The liberation of two women at Bahrein who had been brought there to be sold in vessels from Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn]The attitude of Sheik Mahomed ben Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammad bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah of Bahrain] towards the trade in enslaved peopleThe liberation of one woman from Sohar [Suhar] who was brought to Mogoo [Moghuyeh] to be sold.The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft No 217-1853’ and ‘Collection Vol: 2 of No. 77’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 280, and terminates at f 289, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
40. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade. Suppression of the’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 1 October 1851 and found at IOR/F/4/2442/134094. Further enclosures can be found at IOR/F/4/2442/134098. The item is the fourth in a series of five items relating to the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people] in the Persian Gulf and on the Arabian Peninsula.The item relates to suggestions made by Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, to Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Sheil, HM Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Persia [Iran], for ways to suppress the 'slave trade' in Persia. Sheil's response is included, as well as brief comments by the Government of Bombay.The item also relates to reports by Moollah Houssein [Mullā Ḥusayn], Native Agent at Shargah [Sharjah], that ships belonging to the 'maritime chiefs' of the Arabian Coast are successfully engaging in the 'slave trade' whilst avoiding interception by Company ships. In particular, he highlights the actions of Sheik Sultan ben Suggar [Shaikh Sulṭān I bin Ṣaqr al-Qāsimī, Ruler of Ra's al Khaymah and Sharjah] and he also provides details on: the ship owners; how many enslaved people they have imported; and where they landed with the enslaved people. His reports are sent to Hennell, who instructs Commodore John Patterson Porter, Commanding Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf, to arrange for Company ships to intercept the ships engaging in the trade at the locations highlighted by Moollah Houssein. Hennell sends the results of these attempts, alongside copies of the above correspondence, to the Government of Bombay, which provides comments and further instructions.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 17 of 1852', 'Collection', 'Vol: 4', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the reference read 'Collection No 1 of No 73', but 'No 1 of No 73' has been crossed out. The volume number was originally given as '3' but this has been crossed out and replaced with '4'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 708, and terminates at f 724, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
41. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes, which are enclosures to a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 18 June 1846. A copy of this letter can be found at IOR/F/4/2157/103838.The item relates to suggestions by Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf, for the effective suppression of the ‘slave trade’ [trade in enslaved people] in the Gulf. Hennell points to deficiencies in the current agreements with the rulers of Ras-el Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah]; Amulgavine [Umm al-Qaywayn]; Ejman [Ajman]; Debaye [Dubai]; and Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi]. He recommends that the British government should try to establish agreements with the courts of Persia [Iran] and Turkey to suppress the ‘slave trade’.A minute by the Government of Bombay states that it would be for Her Majesty’s Government to approach Persia and Constantinople [Istanbul] on this subject. A copy of both Hennell’s letter and the minute are forwarded to the Government of India.The title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Bombay Political Department’, ‘P.C. [Previous Communication] 5410, Draft 786/46’, ‘Vol: 4’, ‘Collection N. 1 of N. 83’ and ‘Examiner’s Office’. The ‘N. 1’ has been crossed out with different ink.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 852, and terminates at f 856, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
42. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, dated 1 October 1851 and found at IOR/F/4/2442/134094. Further enclosures can be found at IOR/F/4/2442/134097. The item is the fifth in a series of five items relating to the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people] in the Persian Gulf and on the Arabian Peninsula.The item relates to reports from Khojih Hiskael bin Yoosoof [Khawājah Ḥizqīl bin Yūsuf], Acting Native Agent at Muscat, that he has detained a vessel flying under British colours, the Futhool Khyr[ Fatḥ al-Khayr], at Muscat after discovering it was carrying four Abyssinian [Ethiopian] enslaved females, between the ages of ten and twenty. The item concerns arrangements for:Bringing the Abyssinians to Bombay [Mumbai]Punishing the Futhool Khyr's nakhoda, Husson bin Ali [Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī, nakhuda]Returning the Futhool Khyrto its ownerReimbursing Hiskael bin Yoosoof and Shaik Abdool Ruhman bin Sueed bin Zueed [Shaikh ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Sa‘īd bin Zayd] for helping the Abyssinians during their stay in Muscat and their voyage to Bombay.Correspondents: Khojih Hiskael bin Yoosoof; Shaik Abdool Rahman; Archibald Spens, Senior Magistrate of Police, Bombay; Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Hennell, Resident in the Persian Gulf; Commodore John Patterson Porter, Commanding Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf; Commander A McDonald, Commanding Company steam frigate Auckland; the Government of Bombay; and two different committees established to assess the condition of the Futhool Khyr.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', 'Draft No. 17 of 1852', 'Collection', 'Vol: 5', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the reference read 'Collection No 2 of No 73', but 'No 2 of No 73' has been crossed out. The volume number was originally given as '4' but this has been crossed out and replaced with '5'.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 725, and terminates at f 747, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
43. ‘Persian Gulf. Slave Trade.’
- Description:
- Abstract: The item consists of copies and extracts of correspondence and resolutions cited in, or enclosed with, an extract of a Political Letter from the Government of Bombay to the East India Company Court of Directors, 28 August 1855. The enclosures are dated 26 February 1855-22 August 1855.The item contains correspondence between: Lawford Acland, Acting Company Solicitor, Bombay; Richard Spooner, Officiating Commissioner of Customs, Salt and Opium; and the Government of Bombay. They discuss what should be done with two ships, the Saiad[ Sa‘īd] and the Futtool Mombaruk[ Fatḥ al-Mubārak], which were seized by the Company due to their involvement in the 'slave trade' [trade in enslaved people]. What to do with the cargo they were carrying is also discussed.There are multiple spellings for both ships' names in the text.The title page of the item contains the following references: 'Bombay Political Department', Draft Number '1199 [18]55', 'Collection No.9', and 'Examiner's Office'. Originally, the Collection number was given as '7 of No. 86 of 1855.' but this has been crossed out.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description (used for referencing) commences at f 631, and terminates at f 637, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
44. ‘Persian Gulf. Affairs. Vol: 21’
- Description:
- Abstract: This item consists of copies of correspondence, consultations, and minutes cited in, or enclosed with, political letters from the Government of Bombay. These political letters appear in IOR/F/4/2349/123808. The correspondents are: the Government of Bombay; Major Samuel Hennell, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf; Commander John Porter, Senior Naval Officer in the Persian Gulf; and Bahram Meerza [Bahrām Mīrzā Mo‘ezz-al-Dawlah], Prince-Governor of Fars Province. It is the twenty-first in a series of twenty-four items on events in the Persian Gulf.The item concerns:The rebellion of Tungistoon [Tungistan] against Shaik Nasir of Bushire [[Shaikh Nāṣir II Āl Madhkūr of Bushehr]Bahram Meerza’s decision to remove Shaik Nasir from office and make Meerza Mehdy Khan [Mīrzā Mahdī Khān] the new Governor of BushireMeerza Mehdy Khan’s advance, accompanied by Bakir Khan [Bāqir Khān Tangistānī], Chief of Tungistoon, to Bushire, and his unsuccessful siege of the townThe arrival of a boat belonging to the Governor of Mohumrah [Khorramshahr] at Rasul Khyma [Ra’s al-Khaymah], carrying enslaved women from Africa, in direct contravention of the firman issued by the previous Shah [Muḥammad Shāh Qājār].The item contains a contents page and the title page of the item contains the following references: ‘Draft no 334 of 1850’, ‘Coll[ection] 4’, and ‘Collection No 1 of No 1’.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the first folio with f 383, and terminates at f 404 as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the bottom right corner of the recto side of each folio.Pagination: the item also contains an original pagination sequence.
45. 'Slavery in the Persian Gulf'
- Description:
- Abstract: Memorandum providing an overview of the extent of slavery in the Persian Gulf, and the measures undertaken by his Majesty's Government to combat it.Covering:introduction outlining the legal status of slavery;treaty engagements of the Arab States of the Gulf, including Ibn Saud's [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd’s] cooperation in the suppression of the slave trade;treaty engagements of Persia - the Anglo-Persian Slavery Convention of 2 March 1882 for the suppression of the traffic of slaves;present position on the Arab Littoral of the Gulf – with proposals made by Sir Lionel Haworth, Political Resident in the Persian Gulf;resent position on the Persian Littoral;Persian representations regarding abrogation of Slavery Convention of 1882 with Great Britain, and the implications of the League of Nations' Slavery Convention of 1926;attitude to be adopted towards a Persian demand for abrogation, expressing views of the Foreign Office, India Office, and Admiralty.Written by John Gilbert Laithwaite of the India Office.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at f 65, and terminates at f 66, as it is part of a larger physical volume; these numbers are written in pencil, and are located in the top right corner of the recto side of each folio. Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
46. 'Slavery: cases of Muscat and Saudi Arabian slaves reported at Bahrain'
- Description:
- Abstract: The file contains correspondence and other papers (including slaves' statements) related to manumission applications heard at the Political Agency in Bahrain. Most of the cases involve slaves who have absconded or travelled from Muscat or Saudi Arabian territory. In those cases where a slave had escaped from Muscat, the Bahrain Agency exchanged correspondence with the Muscat Agency to verify the slave's story, with the Muscat Agent writing back in each case to approve manumission. Correspondence and office notes show that those slaves from Saudi Arabia were automatically given manumission certificates and permitted to stay in Bahrain.Physical description: Foliation: The main foliation sequence begins on the front cover and terminates at the back cover; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and can be found in the top right of the recto side of each folio. A short local foliation sequence can be found at ff 34-37; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. They can be found in the same position as the main sequence.
47. ‘Book No 157 Old Index From May 1847 To November 1849’ Vol 157 Secret letters outward
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains copies of letters sent by Major Samuel Hennell, British Political Resident in the Persian Gulf at Bushire, mainly to Arthur Malet, Secretary (later Chief Secretary) to the Government of Bombay in the Secret Department, at Bombay Castle.Their correspondence discusses events in the Persian Gulf between 1847 and 1849 and their significance for British foreign policy, relations and interests in the region. The main topics of discussion are: anti-slavery measures and the ambitions of both the Ottoman Turkish Government and the Persian Government, to extend their influence and authority over Bahrain and other Arab Maritime Chiefdoms of the Trucial Coast.Many of the enclosures referred to by the Resident in his letters to the Bombay Government and others, are present in the volume. Copies of the Resident’s Arabic correspondence with British Government native agents and ruling sheikhs, as well as his copies of correspondence between Ottoman Turkish and Persian officials, are in the form of English translations only and comprise:Letter of friendship from the Ottoman Governor of Bussorah [Basra] to Sheikh Mahomed bin Khuleefa [Shaikh Muḥammed bin Khalīfah Āl Khalīfah] the Chief of Bahrein, inviting the latter to put himself under the protection of Turkey (folios 10-11);Letter from Hajee Yacoob, British Government Pilot at Kharg [Khārk], reporting the intelligence gathering activities of Ottoman Turkish officials in Koweit [Kuwait] (folios 11-12);Letter from the Governor of Bunder Abass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās] enquiring about an alleged request made by the Imam of Muscat, to transfer to British protection, Bunder Abass and other lands in the Persian Gulf leased to him by Shah of Persia (folio 31);Letters from the British Government Native Agent at Muscat, reporting cases of public sale and purchase of slaves in the ports of Muscat, in contravention of the anti-slavery provisions of the Treaty of 1845 between Muscat and Great Britain (folios 36-38, 48-49);Letters from Mirza Abdool Jubbar [Mirza Abdul Jabbar], the Persian Consul at Bagdad [Baghdad] to Abdullah ben Ahmed [‘Abdullāh bin Aḥmad Āl Khalīfah] the former Chief of Bahrein, to Ali and Mahomed [Alī bin Muḥammed Āl Khalīfah and Muḥammed bin ‘Abdullāh Āl Khalīfah] the sons of the present ruler of Bahrein, Sheikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa about the desire of the Persian Government to establish its authority over Bahrein (folios 51-55);Letter from the British Government Native Agent at Shargah [Sharjah] reporting the renewed importation of slaves into Lingah, in contravention of the Imperial firmans (royal decrees) and orders issued by the Persian authorities, prohibiting the maritime slave trade in their ports on the Persian Gulf (folios 61-62);Exchange of letters between the British Political Resident and Syed Soweynee [Sayyid Thuwaynī bin Sa‘īd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] Governor of Muscat, regarding alleged Persian aggression against Bunder Abass and other lands on the Persian coast of the Gulf, belonging to the Imam of Muscat (folios 66-68);Exchange of letters of friendship between the British Political Resident and Sheikh Mahomed ben Khuleefa, Chief of Bahrein (folios 74-76, 84);Exchange of letters between the British Political Resident and Sheikh Syed Humood ben Azan [Ḥamūd bin Azan Āl Bū Sa‘īd] the Chief of Sohar [Ṣuḥār] and the agreement with the British Government, signed by his son Syed Syf ben Humood [Sayyid Syf bin Ḥamūd Āl Bū Sa‘īd] on 22 May 1849, prohibiting the African slave trade in the ports of Sohar (folios 79-81).The volume also contains copies of several letters from the Resident to: Major Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, British Political Agent for Turkish Arabia at Baghdad; Lieutenant-Colonels Justin Sheil and Francis Farrant, British Minister Plenipotentiary and British Chargé d’Affaires respectively, at the Court of the Shah of Persia, Tehran; Commodore Hawkins, commanding the Indian Naval Squadron in the Persian Gulf. The correspondence discusses similar topics, including the merits of seeking an extension of the anti-slavery orders issued by the Ottoman Porte, to allow for the confiscation of foreign Persian and Arab slave ships in Turkish waters, as well as native Turkish slave ships.Physical description: Foliation: the contents are numbered 2 to 140, from the front to the back of the volume. The numbering is written in pencil on the recto, in the top right hand corner and encircled. Folios 42, 71, 87-133 and 136-140 are blank. The front cover of the volume and the inside back cover of the volume are unnumbered. This is the main numbering system and should be used for referencing this volume.Pagination: the contents were originally numbered 1-101, 103-167, from the front to the back of the volume. Pages 78-80 and 136-138 are blank. The number 102 has been omitted, resulting in an unnumbered page between pages 101 and 103. The numbering is written in ink in the top right or left corner of the recto and verso respectively. Unnumbered pages: the index at the front and back of the volume and the numerous blank pages towards the end of the volume.Condition: broken spine cover. Folio 26 and the unnumbered folio adjoining it have been stuck together at the corners. This does not obscure any text, since the inaccessible side of both folios is blank.
48. 'Book No 271' [Resident's Tour: Reports for 1858 and 1859]
- Description:
- Abstract: The volume contains official tour reports of the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, Captain (James) Felix Jones, with supporting correspondence and papers, for the years 1858 and 1859. There is a title page within the volume stating : 'Head IX. Subject 2, Part 1. Resident's Tour. Reports for the years 1858 & 1859' (folio 1). The volume also contains correspondence and papers concerning the tours of 1860 and 1861. This section is introduced by a second title page stating 'Head IX. Tour Reports. Subject 2, Part 2. Tour reports for 1860 ad 1861' (folio 91).The 1858 report covers the tour of Jones aboard the HC (Honourable Company's) steam frigate Assayeto Bahrein [Bahrain], Abothubee [Abu Dhabi], Debai [Dubai], Shargah [Sharjah], Amulgawein [Umm al Qaywayn], the Pirate Coast, Bunder Abbass [Bandar-e ʻAbbās], Bassidore [Bāsa‘īdū], Lingeh [Bandar-e Lingeh], Maghoo [Bandar-e Moghūyeh], Charrack [Bandar-e Chārak], and Congoon [Bandar e-Kangan]. Issues covered include:the treatment of Mahomed ben Abdullah [Muḥammad bin ‘Abdullāh] of Demam [Dammām] by Mahomed ben Khaleefa [Muḥammed bin Khalīfah], Chief of Bahrain (folios 4-6);the suppression of slavery;piracy;the pearl trade;the conduct of local rulers;account of internal dissensions in Shargah (folio 8);the imposition of penalties on the Joasmee [Āl Qāsimī] tribe for infractions of maritime peace (folios 8-9);reports of conversations with the Imam of Muscat [Thuwaynī ibn Saʻīd Āl Sa‘īd] at Bunder Abbass, including the conclusion of an agreement between the Resident and Imam on the complete suppression of slavery (folios 11-14; copies of the agreement in Arabic and English follow the report on folios 21-22);the poor condition of the naval station at Bassidore (folios 14-15; related correspondence: folios 24-29);the importance of the Resident's making his tour in the Assaye, as means of impressing the maritime tribes and settling local disputes (folios 2, 19-20);instructions for HajeeYacoob [Ḥājī Ya‘qūb], Agent at Shargah, left by the Resident on 31 May 1858.The 1859 report covers Jones's tour aboard HM steam frigate Zenobiato Aboothabee [Abu Dhabi], Debaye [Dubai], Shargah, Ejmaun [Ajman], Amulgavine [Umm al Qaywayn], Ras ul Khymah [Ras al-Khaymah] and Joasmee Chief, Sheeheyheen [Sharqiyin] Ports, Muscat, Bassidore, Lingah [Bandar-e Lingeh], Charrack, Asseloo [Bandar-e `Asaluyeh], and Bahrein. Issues covered include:internal dissensions in Shargah and the activities of the Wahabees [Wahhabis] in the area (folios 43-47);the Resident's censure and fining of Sheikh Abdullah ben Rashid [Abdullah I bin Rashid Al Mu`alla] of Amulgavine, whom he accused of fomenting the troubles at Shargah and committing other offences (folios 48-51);remarks on the pearl fishery of Bahrein and Socotra [Suqutrá] (folios 66-67);slavery;piracy.The papers relating to the tour reports of 1860 and 1861 include correspondence (June 1860-March 1863) between the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf and Henry Lacon Anderson, Secretary to Government, Bombay; statement of outstanding fines adjusted by the Political Resident, Persian Gulf during tour of 1860 (folios 94-95); statement of fines etc. carried to the credit of the Government in cash accounts rendered from the Residency in the Persian Gulf between April 1858 and June 1860 (folios 100-101); and statement of complaints adjusted by HBM's Political Resident in the Persian Gulf during the tour of the Persian Gulf in 1861. Jones remarks in his correspondence with Anderson on the 'perfect tranquillity' that prevailed in the Persian Gulf in those years.Physical description: Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at 1 on the second folio after the cover and terminates at 114, the last folio before the back cover. The numbers are written in pencil, are enclosed in a circle, and appear in the top right corner of the recto page of each folio. This is the system used to determine the order of pages.Pagination: there is also a local pagination sequence numbered 1-54 (folios 41-67).